Topic 2 Chemical changes

what is hydroxide, nitrate, sulfate, carbonate

polyatomic ions OH NO SO CO

OH^-

NO3 ^-

SO4 ²-

CO3 ²-

halogens

.7

all end with 2 (02, H2)

(ends with gen)

hydrogen

nitrogen

oxygen

(group 17)

fluorine

chlorine

bromine

iodine

need to know element subscripts

Iron (Fe)- Fe²+ OR Fe³+

Copper (Cu)- Cu+ OR Cu²+

Zinc (Zn)- Zn²+

Silver (Ag)- Ag+

Lead (Pb)- Pb²+ OR Pb³+

What are acids and

-Acids are substances that dissolve in water to form hydrogen ions

properties of acids

Sour taste

<pH7

good conductors of electricity

where DO and do acids NOT show their properties

-show their properties in water

-dont show their properties in organic solvents

acid + reactive metal makes

salt and hydrogen

acid + carbonate makes

salt + water + CO2

what is acid + base called, what does it make

neutralisation

salt + water

3 need to know acids

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Nitric acid (HNO3)

What are bases and their properties

substances that react with acids to form salt and hydrogen

bitter, >ph7, bitter, good conductors of electricity

(metal oxide or hydroxide)

what are alkalis and their properties

group 1 metal oxides or hydroxides

soluble in water

properties of group 2-14 bases

insoluble in water

3 need to know acids’ salts

HCl- hydroxide

H2SO4- sulfate

HNO3- nitrate

how do we make salts

anion + cation

acid + metal ion of other

4 types of chemical reactions

synthesis

oxidation of metals

combustion

decomposition

synthesis definition

two or more substances combine to form a more complex substance (A+B=C)

combustion definition

substance reacts with oxygen to produce products and heat

(A + O2 = B + Heat)

oxidation of metals definition

metallic elements react with oxygen to form a metal oxide (A + O2 = AO2)

decomposition definition

substance breaks down to form 2 or more simpler substances (c = A + B)

water, ammonia, methane formula

H2O NH3 CH4