Biol 104 Final Exam Topics Review

Flashcards covering key concepts for the Biol 104 Final Exam.

What are the two types of fermentation?

Lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation.

What are the main stages of cell respiration?

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), and Electron Transport Chain.

What is the process of photosynthesis primarily occurring in?

Chloroplasts.

What is the end product of the Calvin cycle?

Produces sugar.

What is the function of enzymes?

Speed up chemical reactions in the body.

What happens to animal cells in a hypertonic solution?

They lose water and can shrivel up.

What kind of energy conversion occurs during cellular respiration?

Chemical energy in glucose is converted to ATP.

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Absorbs light energy for the light reactions.

What happens during glycolysis?

Glucose is broken down to produce pyruvate and ATP.

What is a recombinant plasmid?

A plasmid that has been modified to carry foreign DNA.

What does the term 'bottleneck effect' refer to?

A reduction in genetic diversity due to a sharp reduction in population size.

What roles do restriction enzymes play in DNA technology?

Cut DNA at specific sequences for cloning and analysis.