Respiratory system diseases

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36 Terms

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Pharyngitis

Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, characterized by redness and patches in the throat, malaise, and headache.

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Etiological Agent for Pharyngitis

Streptococcus pyogenes (G(+) cocci).

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Mode of Transmission for Pharyngitis

Droplet transmission via upper respiratory tract.

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Characteristic Symptom of Pharyngitis

Redness and patches in the throat, edema, lymph node enlargement.

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Prevention for Pharyngitis

Isolation, proper sanitization, and timely treatment.

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Diphtheria

Infection caused by C. diphtheriae, known for a tough grayish leathery patch in the throat.

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Etiological Agent for Diphtheria

C. diphtheriae (G(+) rod).

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Mode of Transmission for Diphtheria

Droplet transmission via upper respiratory tract.

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Characteristic Symptom of Diphtheria

Tough grayish leathery patch in the throat.

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Prevention for Diphtheria

DTaP vaccine (Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis).

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Pertussis

Also known as Whooping cough, caused by B. pertussis, characterized by extensive coughing with a whoop sound.

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Etiological Agent for Pertussis

Bordetella pertussis.

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Mode of Transmission for Pertussis

Droplet transmission via upper respiratory tract.

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Characteristic Symptom of Pertussis

Extensive cough with a gasp of air at the end; known as whoop.

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Prevention for Pertussis

DTaP vaccine.

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Tuberculosis

Infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterized by cough and chest discomfort.

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Etiological Agent for Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Acid fast +, pink).

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Mode of Transmission for Tuberculosis

Airborne transmission via lower respiratory tract.

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Characteristic Symptom of Tuberculosis

Cough, chest discomfort, lung lesions (tubercles).

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Complication of Tuberculosis

Can become systemic affecting bones, intestines, and reproductive system.

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Prevention for Tuberculosis

Isolation; vaccines available but less commonly used in non-endemic areas.

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Pneumonia

Infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs.

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Etiological Agent for Typical Pneumonia

Streptococcus pneumoniae.

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Mode of Transmission for Typical Pneumonia

Endogenous infection via lower respiratory tract.

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Characteristic Symptom of Typical Pneumonia

Fluid buildup in lungs with high fever, breathing difficulties, cough, chest pain.

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Prevention for Typical Pneumonia

Timely treatment of other respiratory infections.

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Legionellosis

Atypical pneumonia caused by L. pneumophila, characterized by fluid accumulation in lungs.

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Etiological Agent for Legionellosis

Legionella pneumophila.

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Mode of Transmission for Legionellosis

Spread through aerosols of contaminated water, not person to person.

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Characteristic Symptom of Legionellosis

Chest discomfort and difficulty breathing.

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Prevention for Legionellosis

Proper water treatment in high-risk places, especially hospitals and hotels.

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Influenza

Infection caused by influenza virus, characterized by cold-like symptoms.

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Etiological Agent for Influenza

Influenzae virus.

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Mode of Transmission for Influenza

Droplet transmission via lower respiratory tract.

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Characteristic Symptoms of Influenza

Cold, fever, body aches, cough, and fatigue.

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Prevention for Influenza

Washing hands, wearing a mask, and annual flu vaccine.