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Pharyngitis
Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, characterized by redness and patches in the throat, malaise, and headache.
Etiological Agent for Pharyngitis
Streptococcus pyogenes (G(+) cocci).
Mode of Transmission for Pharyngitis
Droplet transmission via upper respiratory tract.
Characteristic Symptom of Pharyngitis
Redness and patches in the throat, edema, lymph node enlargement.
Prevention for Pharyngitis
Isolation, proper sanitization, and timely treatment.
Diphtheria
Infection caused by C. diphtheriae, known for a tough grayish leathery patch in the throat.
Etiological Agent for Diphtheria
C. diphtheriae (G(+) rod).
Mode of Transmission for Diphtheria
Droplet transmission via upper respiratory tract.
Characteristic Symptom of Diphtheria
Tough grayish leathery patch in the throat.
Prevention for Diphtheria
DTaP vaccine (Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis).
Pertussis
Also known as Whooping cough, caused by B. pertussis, characterized by extensive coughing with a whoop sound.
Etiological Agent for Pertussis
Bordetella pertussis.
Mode of Transmission for Pertussis
Droplet transmission via upper respiratory tract.
Characteristic Symptom of Pertussis
Extensive cough with a gasp of air at the end; known as whoop.
Prevention for Pertussis
DTaP vaccine.
Tuberculosis
Infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterized by cough and chest discomfort.
Etiological Agent for Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Acid fast +, pink).
Mode of Transmission for Tuberculosis
Airborne transmission via lower respiratory tract.
Characteristic Symptom of Tuberculosis
Cough, chest discomfort, lung lesions (tubercles).
Complication of Tuberculosis
Can become systemic affecting bones, intestines, and reproductive system.
Prevention for Tuberculosis
Isolation; vaccines available but less commonly used in non-endemic areas.
Pneumonia
Infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs.
Etiological Agent for Typical Pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Mode of Transmission for Typical Pneumonia
Endogenous infection via lower respiratory tract.
Characteristic Symptom of Typical Pneumonia
Fluid buildup in lungs with high fever, breathing difficulties, cough, chest pain.
Prevention for Typical Pneumonia
Timely treatment of other respiratory infections.
Legionellosis
Atypical pneumonia caused by L. pneumophila, characterized by fluid accumulation in lungs.
Etiological Agent for Legionellosis
Legionella pneumophila.
Mode of Transmission for Legionellosis
Spread through aerosols of contaminated water, not person to person.
Characteristic Symptom of Legionellosis
Chest discomfort and difficulty breathing.
Prevention for Legionellosis
Proper water treatment in high-risk places, especially hospitals and hotels.
Influenza
Infection caused by influenza virus, characterized by cold-like symptoms.
Etiological Agent for Influenza
Influenzae virus.
Mode of Transmission for Influenza
Droplet transmission via lower respiratory tract.
Characteristic Symptoms of Influenza
Cold, fever, body aches, cough, and fatigue.
Prevention for Influenza
Washing hands, wearing a mask, and annual flu vaccine.