Earth Systems and Rocks – Fill-in-the-Blank Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from the notes on Earth systems, spheres, and rock types (fill-in-the-blank style).

The five characteristics that allow life to exist are Temperature, Liquid Water, Composition of Atmosphere, Energy Source, and __.

Nutrients

Earth is a/an __ system.

closed

The Earth has four subsystems connected: Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Geosphere, and __.

Biosphere

In the atmosphere, the Troposphere is the layer where __ happens.

weather

The layer that contains the ozone layer is the __.

Stratosphere

The outermost layer that merges into space is the __.

Exosphere

Nitrogen makes up about ___% of the atmosphere.

78%

Oxygen makes up about ___% of the atmosphere.

21%

Only about ___% of Earth's water is freshwater.

3%

The frozen part of the hydrosphere is called the __.

Cryosphere

The rock cycle shows rocks can change from one type to another; a key process is __.

Metamorphism

Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of __ or lava.

magma

Ignis in Latin means 'fiery' or 'on fire,' describing the origin of what rocks? __ rocks.

Igneous

Intrusive igneous rocks form from magma that cools __ underneath the Earth.

slowly

Extrusive igneous rocks form from solidified lava at the surface and cool __.

rapidly

Phaneritic textures have __ interlocking crystals.

large

Aphanitic textures are __-grained; minerals are not visible to the naked eye.

fine

Vesicular texture has voids created by __ cooling.

rapid

Silica content categories include Felsic, Intermediate, Mafic, and Ultramafic; Mafic rocks have silica content of about to percent.

45-55

Color Index: LIGHT colors indicate a __ composition.

felsic

A rock formed from the cooling of magma beneath the surface is an __ igneous rock.

intrusive

A rock formed from the cooling of lava at the surface is an __ igneous rock.

extrusive

Sedimentary rocks formed from lithification of rock and mineral fragments are called __ rocks.

clastic

Non-clastic/chemical sedimentary rocks form from evaporation and precipitation of minerals; these rocks are called __.

evaporites

A common detrital (clastic) sedimentary rock example is __.

sandstone

A ___ is a set of connected materials that work together to create a whole

System

The Troposphere contains ___ of atmosphere’s mass

75-85%

The Earth's four major subsystems are the , , , and .

The Earth's four major subsystems are the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.

The Geosphere is also known as?

Lithosphere

Give me the two layers of the geosphere

Mechanical and Compositional

Compositional consists of?

Crust, mantle, and core

Compositional consists of?

lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, inner and outer core

The thermosphere contains positively charged atoms called?

ionosphere

The _ refers to the entirety of Earth's water, encompassing oceans, lakes, rivers, glaciers, and groundwater.

The Hydrosphere refers to the entirety of Earth's water, encompassing oceans, lakes, rivers, glaciers, and groundwater.

The earth and neptune is also called as?

The blue Planets