Midterm Exam Review

Which empire was based out of Sumatra (Indonesia) from the 7th-12th centuries? This empire also did a great deal of work spreading Buddhism.

Srivijaya Empire

What were the elite infantry units in the Ottoman Empire?

Janissaries

Who was the longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566?

Suleiman the Magnificent

Who were the non-Arab slave soldiers of the Arab caliphates that eventually created their own government in India?

Mamluks

What was the Islamic empire that ruled over the Indian subcontinent for 320 years?

Delhi Sultanate

What is the name for a Muslim leader that has political power and enforces Sharia law, but does not have any religious authority?

Sultan

What was the Ottoman practice of forcibly recruiting soldiers among the children of Balkan and Anatolian Christian subjects?

Devshirme

What was the Sunni Muslim state that controlled much of southeastern Europe, western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th - 20th centuries?

Ottoman Empire

Who were the people in Mesoamerica that was known for their grand architecture, astrology, and calendars?

The Maya

What was the name given to the three city military confederacy that dominated the Valley of Mexico during the 14th -16th centuries?

Aztec Empire

What was the civilization that dominated the Andes and western coastal regions of South America from the 13th-16th centuries?

Inca Empire

What was the primary city-state of the Mexica people?

Tenochtitlan

What was the mathematical and observational innovation used by the Maya people to make predictions about weather?

Astrological calendar

What was the coerced labor system used by the Inca?

Mit'a system

What was the common state system in Medieval Europe and Japan that had regional leaders protecting local peoples in exchange for a service?

Feudalism

What was the Japanese attempt to emulate Chinese culture and administration known as?

Taika Reforms

This was the imperial dynasty that lasted from 581 to 618 CE. It unified China under Han rule and began many large infrastructural projects.

Sui Dynasty

This was the imperial dynasty of China that lasted from 960 to 1279 CE. It was the first to issue paper currency and establish a standing navy.

Song Dynasty

This was the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907 CE. It is regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization, but also known for religious persecution.

Tang Dynasty

This was the largest contiguous empire in world history. They were known for having fearless warriors and for expanding trade on the Silk Roads.

Mongolian Empire

This was the first wide-scale of paper currency used first by the Tang, but more extensively under the Song Dynasty.

Bank notes

This was a large infrastructure project started by the Sui Dynasty, creating a large artificial river.

Grand Canal

This was a renewal of traditional Chinese philosophical views under the Tang Dynasty.

Neo-Confucianism

This was the name for the form of government in the Mongolian Empire after it fragmented into 4 distinct regions.

Khanates

Which civilization was a collection of polities or "city-states" located in central and southern Vietnam from the 2nd to 18th centuries?

Champa Empire

What was the Hindu-Buddhist empire located in present day Cambodia from 802-1431 CE?

Khmer Empire

Which empire was known for its ability to control maritime trade near modern-day Indonesia from the 13th to 16th centuries?

Majapahit Empire

Which African empire was a major power in West Africa from roughly 600-1200 CE?

Ghana Empire

Which African empire was a major power in West Africa from roughly 1230-1670 CE?

Mali Empire

Who was the famous West African ruler that went on the Hajj to Mecca?

Mansa Musa

Which city was a prominent trading and religious center for the Mali Empire?

Timbuktu

What religion began to spread to West Africa due to trade?

Islam

What was a sub-Saharan city that flourished due to an extensive trade network with the Swahili Coast and China?

Great Zimbabwe

What was the name of the kingdom that ruled in Ethiopia for over 700 years?

Solomonic Dynasty

What was the dominant Islamic dynasty in West Africa from the 15th-17th centuries?

The Songhai Dynasty

Who was the famous ruler of the Songhai Dynasty that was also a devout Muslim?

Askia the Great

Who was the first emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire?

Constantine I

Who was the Byzantine emperor that wanted to reconquer Western Roman Empire lands?

Justinian I

What was the Byzantine reform that had a major impact on how state systems were set up?

Code of Justinian

Who was the last "prophet" and "messenger" of Allah?

Muhammad

What are people that practice Islam called?

Muslims

What is the set of religious principles that Muslims try to obtain/achieve?

The Five Pillars

What were religious and political leaders in Islam called?

Caliphs

What were the nomadic group of herders during the Neolithic Era known as?

Pastoralists

What was the major architectural structure created in Mesopotamian civilizations known as?

Ziggurat

Who was the military leader that would be the first to unite the Greek city-states?

Philip of Macedon

What was the early form of written language used in Mesopotamia?

Cuneiform

Who was the ruler that went on a large military campaign, conquering the Persian Empire?

Alexander the Great

What religion was the first to be monotheistic? This religion also created the concept of "Good vs. Evil."

Zoroastrianism

What was the period of Chinese history where many dynasties were fighting for control?

Warring States Period

What were the basic principles of Legalism?

It placed an emphasis on strict moral law and obtaining positions through merit.

What were followers of Confucianism trying to obtain on three levels?

Social Harmony

What religion had a large, direct influence on the formation of Christianity?

Judaism

What did the Edict of Thessalonica do?

It established Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire.

What was the rigid social structure attached to Hinduism?

The caste system

Which Chinese dynasty established Confucianism as the state religion of China?

The Han Dynasty

Who was the leader to overthrow the Roman Republic and establish the Roman Empire?

Julius Caesar

What were regional governors during the Persian Empire known as?

Satraps

What did the Roman Empire offer to conquered peoples?

Citizenship

Pharaoh

Lived as Gods on Earth in Egypt

Steward

Messengers sanctioned by the gods to carry out their bidding in Mesopotamia

Mandate of Heaven

The idea that monarchs claimed direct divine approval from the heavens in China

Second Temple Judaism

refers to Judaism between the construction of the second temple in Jerusalem and its destruction by the Romans

Edict of Milan

Legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine in 313 CE

Islam

Is a monotheistic religion that believes Muhammad is the prophet. Test is Quran. Referred to as Muslims. The unman is this community of believers.

End of the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine-Ottoman War

Feudalism in Europe

King, Lords, Knights,Serfs

Feudalism in Japan

Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai

Difference between Feudalism and Manorialism

Feudalism is the whole thing and Manorialism is a part of Feudalism.

Confucianism

is categorized as a philosophy, religion, way of governing, and a way of life. Posed solutions to disorder and chaos.

Qin Dynasty

Had Legalism witch helped end the Warning States Period. Began Construction of the Great Wall of China. About fifteen years (221–206 BCE).

Zhou

Lasted 789 Years Made significant cultural, contributions.

Shang

The earliest dynasty.The invention of writing; the development of a stratified government; the advancement of bronze technology. 1600 to 1046 B.C

Religions in South Asia

Hinduism and Buddhism

Second wave empires

Under a single administration

Paleolithic

Old Stone Age

Consisted of humans moving from place to place in groups of 50-200 people as hunter and gathers. Egalitarian. Kinship

Neolithic

New Stone Age

Brought about the development of agriculture. Domesticated animals allowed for farming ro occur on a larger scale then before.

Roman

Emerged as a city state during the 6th Century BCE in Rome. Over time the city-state expanded and too over most of the Italian peninsula.

Centralized Government

Allowed for the establishment of an economic and infrastructural power hose (one)

Pyramids

Egypt Architectural structure

Buddhism

Siddhartha Gautama.Buddhists believe that the human life is one of suffering, and that meditation, spiritual and physical labor, and good behavior are the ways to achieve enlightenment, or nirvana.

Hinduism

Believes in a cycle of rebirth and reincarnation. The over all goal is to transcend human life and unite the Brahma. Alos receive good Karma.