Organization of Body and Body Systems

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to the organization of the body, body systems, and cellular components important for understanding human anatomy.

The body system that includes the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands; functions in protection and vitamin D synthesis.

Integumentary System

The body system that includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; functions in responding to stimuli and coordinating bodily activities.

Nervous System

The body system that includes organs involved in food breakdown and nutrient absorption, such as the mouth, stomach, and intestines.

Digestive System

The body system consisting of the heart and blood vessels; functions in transporting blood throughout the body.

Cardiovascular System

The body system that includes lymph vessels and nodes; responsible for fluid balance and immune responses.

Lymphatic System

The body system involved in gas exchange, including the nose, trachea, and lungs.

Respiratory System

The male reproductive structures including the testes and penis; functions in sperm production and sexual maturity.

Reproductive System (Male)

The female reproductive structures including the ovaries and uterus; functions in egg production and nurturing of a developing embryo.

Reproductive System (Female)

The body system that includes glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; regulates bodily functions such as metabolism and growth.

Endocrine System

The body system that includes the kidneys and bladder; functions in waste removal and regulation of body fluids.

Urinary System

The body system that includes bones and muscles; functions in support, movement, and protection of organs.

Musculoskeletal System

The four basic types of tissues in the body: connective, muscle, epithelial, and nervous.

Tissue Types

The non-cellular component present in all tissues and organs; provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

A type of glycosaminoglycan that is viscous and slippery, aiding in lubrication and tissue hydration.

Hyaluronic Acid

Bone-forming cells that secrete the bone matrix.

Osteoblasts

Immune cells that develop from monocytes and ingest foreign materials and pathogens.

Macrophages

Muscle tissue that has a banded appearance, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle; indicates a high degree of organization.

Striated Muscle

Specialized cells in the nervous system responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body.

Neurons

Specialized intercellular connections that allow for direct communication between adjacent cells.

Gap Junctions