Nutrition unit one practice

Definition of chemistry

Science of food, nutrients, what they do, how they interact, and balancing what we eat to stay healthy and prevent disease

What is it the process of

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, utilization, and excrement

Ingestion

Eating and drinking

Digestion

Breaking down food

Absorption

Nutrients passing through intestines

Transport

Moving absorbed nutrients through blood stream

Utilization

How we use the nutrients

Excretion

Removing waste by peeing pooping and gaining weight

where do we get nutrients?

food

What are the classes of nutrients

Carbohydrates

Lipids (fats and oils)

minerals

water

vitamins

proteins

What are the essential nutrients

carbohydrates

lipids

proteins

minerals

water

vitamins

Essential nutrients definition

we cannot make these and must get these from food

Which nutrients provide energy

carbohydrates

lipids

proteins

which nutrients don’t provide energy

water vitamins and minerals

what is essential but not a nutrient

fiber

what provides energy but isn’t a nutrient

alcohol

Essential nutrients must

have a job in the body and the body won’t work properly without it

Biological function

job in the body

What do nutrients usually do

provide energy, promote growth and development, regulate body processes

How is energy measured

in kcal

Your body needs a lot of

macronutrients

Your body needs a little of

micronutrients

Which nutrients are macronutrients

Carbohydrates, lipids (fats), water, protein

which nutrients are micronutrients

vitamins and minerals

what are carbohydrates made up of

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Where do we get carbohydrates from

fruits, veggies, grains, beans, sugar

What are the types of Carbohydrates

Simple, monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, complex, and fiber

How many sugar units is in a simple carbohydrates

1 or 2 sugar units

How many sugar units are in monosaccharides

1

how many sugar units are in disaccharides

two

how many sugar units are in polysaccharides

more than 2

What is a complex carbohydrate

long chains of monosaccharides

What cannot be ingested and gives minimal energy

fiber

what are lipids made up of

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

What are the types of lipids

triglycerides, fatty acids, saturated vs unsaturated, transfat, and essential fatty acids

What is a triglyceride

stored fat that gives body energy when needed

What is a triglyceride made up of

3 fatty acids and one glycerol

What is a fatty acids

parts of fat that give energy and make body work

Characteristics of Saturated Fat

no double bonds

solid at room temp

Characteristics of unsaturated fat

one or more double bond

liquid at room temperature

Is transfat good

no

What is transfat

processed unsaturated

partially hydrogenated

What oils have been banned

trans fat oils

Where do essential fatty acids come from

food

Essential fatty acids are

crucial for health

What are essential fatty acids made up of

linoleic acid and alpa-linolenic acid

What are minerals

Simple, inorganic substances, no carbon bonds

Major minerals are required in

grams

Trace minerals are required in

less than 100 mg

Major and trace minerals

work together and are essential to body functions

Water is

often overlooked and needed in large amounts

Water serves as a

solvent, lubricant, and transport medium for nutrients

Solvent

dissolves nutrient for body to use

Metabolic processes happen in

water

How is water supplied

through drinks and food

Phytochemicals are

from plant components

Zoochemicals are

from animal components

People who consume phytochemicals and zoochemicals have a reduced risk of

cancer

Functional foods

promote nutrition and offer extra health components

Fermentation is

when microbes (tiny living organisms) help food last longer

macronutrients are essential for

energy, growth, and repair

calorie is measured by

energy needed to raise 1g of water by 1 degree celsius

Calorie is measured by

the energy needed to raise 1 kg of water by one degree celcius

1 Calorie (kcal) is equal to

1,000 calories

A kcal is

a Calorie with capital C

which version of calories do you see on food labels

Calorie with a capital C

Fuel value for carbohydrates

4

Fuel value for lipids

9

Fuel value of protein

4

fuel value of alcohol

7

what is the importance of food labels

serving size

calorie count

nutrient breakdown

ingredients

How many protein, fats, and carbohydrates should you have a day

450 grams/ 1 pound

How many minerals should you have a day

20 grams (4 teaspoons)

How many vitamins should you have a day

less than 300 mg ( 1/15 teaspoon)

Do cells care where nutrients come from

no as long as they get them

What are the different types of nutrition

desirable, undernutrition, overnutrition, malnutrition

Desirable nutrition

right amount to function plus some extra to store

under nutrition

not enough

over nutrition

to much

malnutrition

over or under nutrition

Optional nutritional status

enough store levels to support normal body function and can meet high demands

how do you achieve optional nutritional status

have essential nutrients from diverse foods

Consequences of undernutrition

decreased tissue concentration, slower metabolic processes, halted body functions

Subclinical Deficiency

Early stages of under nutrition with no signs

clinical manifestations

severe, obvious signs of over nutrition, mild issues in short periods

Over time over nutrition can cause

obesity

type 2 diabetes

some cancers

what were the goals of the 1970s us national health improvement

-improve health, eliminate preventable diseases

-make sure everyone had a chance to be healthy

-help people understand health info and make environments healthy

-foster healthy development and behaviors for all ages

-get people and leaders involved

Goals of healthy people 2020

-improve health, eliminate preventable diseases

-make sure everyone had a chance to be healthy

-help people understand health info and make environments healthy

-foster healthy development and behaviors for all ages

What are the ABCDE’s

Anthropometric measurements

Biochemical assessments

clinical assessments

dietary assessments

environment assessments

Nutritional Assessment process background

family and medical history

Anthropometric measurements

height, weight, body circumferences, fat distribution

Biochemical Assessments

nutrient test in blood and other bodily fluids

clinical assessment

physical exam focused on visible signs of disease and nutritional imbalances

Dietary Assessments

food frequency, history, recent food recall

environment assessments

factors affecting health (income, housing, etc)

limits of ABCDE’s

not specific symptoms, dietary concerns might develop before symptoms

What is a RDN

registered dietary nutrionalist

What degree do RDNs have

a masters degree

RDNS utilize the nutrition care process to

conduct assessments, identify nutrition problems, tailor interventions to individual needs, and monitor and evaluate process

Genetics can influence

metabolism and disease risk