Terms: Intro/Baseline

Beginning of the year terms

Biological Perspective

Connection of the physical body and the resulting behavior

Psychodynamic Perspective

Unconscious influences on the mind, and following behavior.

Behaviorist Perspective

What is observable and therefore measurable

Humanist Perspective

Maslows Heiarchy of needs, base needs have to be met in order for inssueing advancement

Social Cultural Perspective

How social groups and organization effect who you are and who you become.

Behavior

The observable outward activity

Mental Process

A wide range of internal events

Cognitive processes

Existing knowledge used to create new knowledge

Physiology

Brain, nervous system, and genetics effect on behavior.

Attitudes

Likings and disliking towards and object person or idea

Emotions

Combination of physiological and cognitive process.

Independent variable

A factor that we control to test and manipulate specific outcomes.

Control group

Does not receive the independent variable, a baseline comparison

Extraneous variable

Outside factors that can effect the outcome of an experiment - ones not controlled

Control Variables

Kept constant in the experiment, other factors that effect the dependent variable

Standardized procedure

The directions given to participants during an experiment are the same

Research Hypothesis

If the Independent variable, then the dependent variable

Null hypothesis

If independent variable then no significant difference between research group and control group.

Lab experiment

done under high control additions

Feild experiment

An experiment done in a natural setting outside of a lab

Natural experiment

Done in a life setting no control over environment.

Quasi experiment

A research attempt to design a cause and effect relationships.

Target population

The group of people you want to research (and then generalize to)

Random Sampling

When everyone in a target population has the same/equal chance of being chosen.

Opportunity/convenience sampling

A pre-existing sample is used

Purpose sampling

Looking for people with specific traits for a social study

Snowball/network sampling

when your trusted participants go and find you other participants

Stratified Sampling

Targeting subgroups to reflect them in said study from the target population.

Internal Validity

Within the study, what they claim to be studying is what they are studying.

External Validity

How well the study is applicable to the audience it was intended for.

Demand characteristics

People in your study that have intentionally messed up your data.

Research bias

When the researchers has not maintained objectivity in the study and it shows up in the experiment, they intemperate the results differently.

Population validity (Generalizability)

How well does the sample generalize to the population it is about

Reliability

Will the results be the same if you repeat the study, - consistency

Validity

Is the study applicable

Ethics

moral principals given to a person participating in the activity.

Informed consent

The participants agrees knowing all the criteria

No use of deception

Don’t decive participants unless nessacary for the study and approved by the ethics board 

Right to withdraw

The participant can leave the study at ANY time

No undue stress or harm

The participant has to leave the study in the same state the entered it.

Participant data must be anonymous

Identifiable information has to be kept hidden

Debrief

After the study the participant has to be debriefed on the study and the aims of the research. ,

Observational study

Behavior systematically recorded and observed (no Indt Vari.)

Covert observation

Observation “undercover”

Overt Observation

The observation is known

Correlational

Non-experimental, (no Dept. Vari.) studying a relationship between two variables

Experimental

If independent variable than dependent variable

Interviews

Open ended questions to get elaborate anwsers

Case studys

Confined to a study of a particular individual.

structuralism

Brain broken down in to a structure, with individual components

Introspection

Self examination of thoughts and feelings

Functionalism

Mental state and its effect on behavior

WEIRD sampling

Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic (the usual sample population used)