HTHRHSC 2500: Medical Terminology - Chapter 7

atel/o

incomplete, imperfect

bronch/o, bronchi/o

bronchial tube, bronchus

capn/o

carbon dioxide, sooty or smoky appearance

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

coni/o

dust

cyan/o

blue

-dynia

pain

endo-

in, within, inside

-ia

abnormal condition, disease, also the plural of the singular noun ending -ium

-isy

noun ending

laryng/o

larynx, throat

nas/o, rhino

nose

-ostomy

the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface

-otomy

cutting, surgical incision

ox/i, ox/o, ox/y

oxygen

pertuss/i

strike, tap, beat

pharyng/o

throat, pharynx

phon/o

sound, voice

pleur/o

pleura, side of body

-pnea

breathing

pne/o

breath, breathing

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu-, pulm/o, pulmon/o

lung, air

poly-

many

-ptysis

spitting

py/o

pus

-rrhea

flow, discharge

sin/o, sin/u, sinus/o

hollow, sinus

somn/i, somn/o

sleep

-spasm

sudden involuntary contraction, tightening, cramping

spir/o

to breathe, coil

thorac/o, -thorax

chest, thorax

trache/o

trachea, windpipe

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

a life-threatening condition in which inflammation in the lungs and fluid in the alveoli lead to low levels of oxygen in the blood.

allergic rhinitis

an allergic reaction to airborne allergens.

alveolus(-i)

any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.

Ambu bag

a hand-held device commonly used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately

anoxia

the absence of oxygen from the body's tissues or organs despite adequate flow of blood.

antihistamine

medications administered to block and control allergic reactions.

antitussive

medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing.

aphonia

the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds.

apnea

the absence of spontaneous respiration.

asbestosis

the form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs.

asphyxia

the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function.

aspiration pneumonia(-ae)

pneumonia caused by a foreign substance, such as vomit, being inhaled into the lungs.

asthma

a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes.

atelectasis

incomplete expansion of part or all of the lung.

bacterial pneumonia

pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)

a non-invasive form of therapy for those suffering from sleep apnea.

bradypnea

an abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute.

bronchiectasis

permanent dilation of the bronchi caused by chronic infection and inflammation.

bronchodilator

a medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs.

bronchopneumonia(-ae)

a localized form of pneumonia often affects the bronchioles

bronchorrhea

an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi.

bronchoscopy(-ies)

the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope.

bronchospasm(s)

a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut.

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

(CHAYN-STOHKS): an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slow respiration or apnea.

chronic bronchitis

a disease in which the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

a group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it hard to breathe.

community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

any pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic.

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

a non-invasive form of therapy for those suffering from sleep apnea.

corticosteroid

steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, and their synthetically produced equivalents.

croup

"(KROOP): an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough and stridor.

cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

cystic fibrosis (CF)

a life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.

decongestant drug(s)

used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract

diphtheria (diph)

an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract

dysphonia

difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality

dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing.

emphysema

the progressive, long-term loss of lung function characterized by damaged alveoli, usually due to smoking.

empyema

an accumulation of pus in a body cavity

endotracheal intubation (ETT)

the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

epistaxis

bleeding from the nose.

eupnea

easy or normal breathing

expectoration

the act of coughing up and spitting out saliva, mucus, or other body fluid.

expectorant

a medicine that promotes the secretion of sputum by the air passages, used especially to treat coughs.

functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

a surgical procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus.

hemoptysis

expectoration of blood or bloodstained sputum.

hemothorax(-ces)

a collection of blood in the pleural cavity.

hospital-acquired pneumonia(-ae)

a type of pneumonia contracted during a stay in the hospital when a patient's defenses are impaired.

hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)

use of inhaled oxygen in a special chamber with increased air pressure to promote healing and fight infection.

hypercapnia

the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood.

hyperpnea

breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest.

hyperventilation

an abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration that is usually associated with anxiety.

hypopnea

shallow or slow respiration.

hypoxemia

a condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood.

hypoxia

the condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body tissues and organs; less severe than anoxia.

interstitial lung disease

a group of diseases that cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and their supporting structures.

laryngectomy(-ies)

the surgical removal of the larynx

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx.

laryngoscopy(-ies)

the visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords using a laryngoscope.

laryngospasm(s)

the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx.

lobar pneumonia(-ae)

a type of pneumonia that affects larger areas of the lungs, often including one or more sections, or lobes, of a lung.

lobectomy

the surgical removal of a lobe of an organ.

mediastinum

a membranous partition between two body cavities or two parts of an organ, especially that between the lungs.

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

a medical device that administers a specific amount of a medication such as a bronchodilator in aerosol form

mucolytic drug(s)

break down the chemical structure of mucus molecules

mucus, mucous

the actual fluid that comes out of your nose when you are congested is mucus and the linings in your body that secrete mucus are mucous

nebulizer(s)

an electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist that is inhaled via a face mask or mouthpiece.

otolaryngologist(s)/ otorhinolaryngologist(s)

surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with conditions of the ear, nose, and throat and related structures of the head and neck

peak flow meter(s)

a handheld device used to measure how quickly a person with asthma can expel air.