Chapter 3 Study Guide Colonial America: Key Events, Policies, and Social Changes Chapter 3 (1600s–1700s)

What was the impact of King Philip's War (1675-1676)?

It broadened freedoms for white New Englanders and dispossessed the region's Indians.

What is mercantilism?

An economic theory where colonies existed to benefit the mother country by producing raw materials and importing manufactured goods.

What sparked a new period of colonial expansion for England in the mid-seventeenth century?

The restoration of the English monarchy in 1660.

How did the Dutch lose New Netherland to England?

It was surrendered without a fight during an Anglo-Dutch war in 1664.

What happened to African-Americans when England gained control of New York?

Their rights declined, and many lost the relative freedoms they had under Dutch rule.

How did English rule affect the Iroquois Confederacy?

The Iroquois strengthened their position through alliances with the English.

What was the Covenant Chain?

An alliance between the English and the Iroquois nations.

By the end of the seventeenth century, who was most successful at using diplomacy to secure land rights?

The Iroquois.

What inspired the 1715 Yamasee and Creek uprising in Carolina?

Rising debts and slave traders' raids.

Which colonists were the wealthiest in British North America?

South Carolina rice planters.

How was Pennsylvania's treatment of Native Americans unique?

Land was purchased from Indians instead of being seized.

What was one of Pennsylvania's only restrictions on religious liberty?

Belief in God was required for holding office.

What was an ironic consequence of William Penn's generous policies?

The influx of settlers crowded out Native Americans.

Who could vote in Pennsylvania?

All freemen, including many propertyless men.

What made African slavery an enduring institution in colonial America?

The plantation system.

Which commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies?

Sugar.

What did seventeenth-century Chesapeake laws state about slavery?

Children of enslaved women became slaves, and conversion to Christianity did not grant freedom.

Which man was once enslaved and later became a slave owner?

Anthony Johnson.

What happened to Jamestown during Bacon's Rebellion?

It was burned to the ground.

What did Bacon's Rebellion contribute to in Virginia?

The shift from indentured servants to African slaves as the main labor force.

How did England reduce colonial autonomy in the 1680s?

By creating the Dominion of New England and appointing royal governors.

Why was Massachusetts's charter revoked by Charles II?

For violating the Navigation Acts and practicing religious intolerance.

Which colony had its charter revoked for mismanagement by King William?

New York.

What resulted from the disbanding of the Dominion of New England?

Most colonies returned to their previous status, though with tighter royal oversight.

Why did accusations of witchcraft in Salem snowball in 1692?

Accused individuals named others to avoid prosecution, creating a cycle.

Who ended the Salem witch trials?

Governor William Phips.

From 1700 to 1776, who was the largest group to arrive in England's mainland colonies?

Africans.

Who did England try to attract to its colonies in the eighteenth century?

Protestant immigrants, especially Germans.

What was the redemptioner system?

Families received passage to America and repaid the cost by working after arrival.

How did the colonial elite view their role in society?

As guardians with responsibility to rule.

What effect did a more structured colonial society have on women?

Women's economic independence and legal rights declined.

What was the top daily priority for an eighteenth-century middle-class colonial woman?

Maintaining her household and raising children.