World History - Final

Hammurabi's Code was important because it was the first time that a state's laws

were put down in writing

two branches of law codified in Hammurabi's Code

criminal and civil

A major accomplishment during Egypt's Old Kingdom was

the building of the Great Pyramids

Hatshepsut

the female ruler of Egypt who encouraged trade during the New Kingdom

Sargon

the ruler who created the world's first empire

hieroglyphics

the form of writing in which symbols or pictures represent concepts or sounds

delta

the marshy area formed by silt deposits at the mouth of some rivers

In the Sumerian civilization, the purpose of a ziggurat was to

keep the gods and goddesses happy

What new war technology did the Hyksos invaders bring to Egypt

horse drawn war chariots

Which Greek speaking people dominated the Aegean world from 1400 BC to 1200 BC and probably started the Trojan War (according to historical reasons and not because of Helen)

Mycenaeans

what was an early form of government in the Greek city states in which a hereditary ruler exercised central power

monarchy

some Spartan women had the responsibility of running the family's estate because

frequent warfare kept Spartan men away from home

Greeks believed the purpose of tragic plays was to

arouse and then relieve the emotions of pity and fear

what was an effect of the Greek victory in the Persian Wars

Greeks became more convinced of their own uniqueness

citizen

a free resident of a Greek city state

Pericles

an Athenian statesman who expanded democracy

Hippocrates

the Greek physician who set ethical standards for doctors

Homer

the author of the Illiad and the Odyssey

ostracism

banishing a public figure

Alexandria

the Egyptian cultural captial of the Hellenistic world

tyrant

a person who gains power by force

polis

a Greek city state, consisting of a city and the surrounding countryside

Herodotus

the Greek historian often called the "Father of history"

Parthenon

a Greek temple dedicated to the goddess Athena

helped Alexander the Great conquer the Persian Empire

Persia was no longer the great power it had once been

merchants and the poor often supported Athenian tyrants because

they often imposed reforms to help these groups

Aristotle

good conduct meant pursuing the Golden Mean

Result of the Peloponnesian War

It ended the Athenian domination of the Greek world

one reason why most conquered people remained loyal to Rome

allowed some of them to become citizens

In the Punic wars, Rome gained control of lands around the Mediterranean Sea by defeating

the Carthaginians

How did the Senate change during the Roman Empire as compared to the public

it held much less power than under the republic

To join the early Christian community, a person had to

be baptized, or blessed with holy water

Roman architecture emphasized

grandeur

heresy

a belief contrary to official church teachings

Virgil

the author of the Aeneid

mercenaries

foreign soldiers working for pay

republic

a form of government in which people choose some of the officials

Augustine

a scholar who combined Christusn doctrine with Greco-Roman learning

dictator

a ruler who had complete control over foreign lands and people

Imperialism

the policy of establishing control over foreign lands and people

latifundia

huge estates bought up by wealthy Roman families

Ptolemy

the Hellenistic scientist who argued that the earth was the center of the universe

legion

the basic military unit of the Roman army

in the early Roman republic, members if the land holding upper middle class were called

patricians

large numbers of Germanic people crossed into the lands of the Roman Empire in the late 300s to

escape invading Huns

what is the basic plot of the Aeneid

a hero escapes from the city of Troy to found Rome

To try and restore order to the empire, Roman emperor Diocletian

divided the empire into two parts

Hadrian

Roman emperor that codified Roman law

Marcus Aurelius

last emperor of the Pax Romana

veto

block

Tribunes

elected officials to protect the plebeians

plebeians

middle class citizens with little influence as an individual

consuls

supervisors of the government and army

patricians

members of the land holding upper class

what was result of the Treaty of Verdun in 843

Charlemagne's heirs split his empire into three regions

part of a vassal's obligation under his feudal contract was to

provide military service

marriage in noble society often included fierce negotiations over

the land in the woman's dowry

the Truce of God required Christian nobles to

stop fighting between Friday and Sunday each week

to achieve salvation, medieval Christians believed that they must

recieve the sacraments

fief

an estate granted to a vassal by his lord

papal supremacy

authority over all secular rulers

charter

a document that set out the rights and privileges of a town

St. Francis of Assisi

the founder of the first order of friars

serf

a peasant bound to the land

knight

a mounted warrior

apprentice

a trainee in the guild systemm

Clovis

the Frankish leader who conquered the former Roman Province of Gaul

journeyman

a salaried worker in the guild system

troubadour

a wandering musician

Pope Leo III proclaimed Charlemagne to the Emperor of the Romans because Charlemagne had

crushed a rebellion in Rome

newcomers to a medieval city often settled in the fields outside the city walls because

the city was overcrowded

when the ownership of a major was granted to a new lord, the serfs

remained on the land to serve the new lord

under Benedictine Rule, monks and nuns took vows of

obedience, poverty, and chastity

what crop restored fertility to the soil in the three-field system of rotating crops

legumes

what caused the dispute between Henry II and Thomas Beckett

Henry claimed the right to try clergy in royal courts

which of the following statements is true about the French Capetian Kings

they imposed royal law over their domain

In 1122. the treaty called the Concordant of Worms gave the Church sole power to

elect and invest bishops with spiritual authority

at the Council of Clermont in 1095, why did Roman Pope Urban II rally Christians to help Byzantine emperor Alexius I

to drive the Muslim Turks from the Holy Land

King Louis IX

a religious French king who improved royal government

illumination

artistic decoration of books in the Gothic style

King John

the English king who signed the Magna Carta

scholaticism

the use of reason to support Christian beliefs

epidemic

the outbreak of rapid-spreading disease

lay investiture

the appointment and installation of bishops by non clergy

Reconquista

a campaign to drive Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain)

vernacular

the everyday language of ordinary people

Crusades

a series of wars between Christians and Muslims for control of the Middle Eastern lands

During the High Middle Ages, one method monarchs used to gain more power was to

strengthen ties with the middle class

effect of the Black Death

increase in prices and wages

effect of Hundred Years War

English rulers turned to new trading ventures overseas

after the Reconquista was complete in 1492, Queen Isabella

launched a crusade against Jews and Muslims

what issue was the cause of a bitter battle between eastern and western Christianity

a Byzantine emperor banned religious icons

what helped caused the decline fo the Byzantine Empire

Venetian merchants gained control of Byzantine trade

patriarch

bishop of the most important cities in the Roman Empire that exercised authority over other bishops in their area

pope

the bishop of Rome

bishop

a high Church official responsible for everyone in his diocese

diocese

Christian community and clergy

diocese priest

under a bishop

clergy

group of people who conduct Christian services

Rome left a legacy of legal matters such as

innocent before guilty