Connecting Computers - Cybersecurity Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the lecture on cybersecurity and networking, focusing on attacks, network protocols, security measures, and important principles.

LAN

Local Area Network; a network that connects computers within a limited area.

Ransomware

Malicious software designed to block access to a computer system until a sum of money is paid.

Colonial Pipeline Attack

A ransomware attack on the Colonial Pipeline in May 2021 that disrupted fuel supply on the East Coast of the U.S.

DarkSide

A ransomware gang known for its operational methods and refusal to attack Russian interests.

Botnet

A network of compromised machines controlled by an attacker, often used for malicious purposes.

Phishing

A method of trying to gather personal information using deceptive emails and websites.

Packet switching

A method of data transmission where data is broken into packets that are sent independently across the network.

Network Protocols

Agreed-upon standards for data transmission over a network.

Encryption

The process of converting information into a code to prevent unauthorized access.

Access Control

A method to ensure that only authorized users can access certain data or systems.

CIA Triad

A model designed to guide policies for information security consisting of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

ACK-based protocols

Protocols that use acknowledgment signals to ensure reliable delivery of packets.

Cryptocurrency

A digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security.

Least Privilege

A principle of providing users only the permissions necessary to perform their tasks.

Error detection

Techniques used to identify and correct errors in transmitted data.

Multi-factor authentication

A security system that requires more than one method of authentication from independent categories of credentials.

Denial of Service (DoS)

A cyberattack that aims to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users.

Vulnerability

A weakness in a system that can be exploited by threats to gain unauthorized access or cause harm.

Firewall

A network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.