PSY 2174 - Sampling and External Validity

A comprehensive set of flashcards to help review key concepts related to sampling methods and external validity in research.

National Day for Truth and Reconciliation

A day in Canada, recognized on September 30th, to honor Indigenous children lost in the residential school system and promote reconciliation efforts.

External Validity

The extent to which findings from a study can be generalized to, or have relevance for settings, people, times, and measures other than the ones used in the study.

Proximal Similarity Model

A model that helps generalize study results based on the similarity of settings, people, places, and times.

Sample

A subset of individuals selected from a larger population used in research to draw conclusions about the entire population.

Theoretical Population

The entire group of individuals that a researcher wants to generalize their findings to.

Sampling Frame

A list or method used to obtain access to the population from which the sample will be drawn.

Sampling Error

The difference between the sample statistic and the actual population parameter it estimates, often due to sample size or selection methods.

Non-sampling Errors

Errors that occur due to factors unrelated to the sample selection, resulting in data that does not accurately reflect the population.

Coverage Error

When some units in the sample are inaccurately excluded or included in the sample population.

Stratified Random Sampling

A sampling method that involves dividing the population into subgroups and taking a random sample from each subgroup.

Cluster Random Sampling

A sampling method where the population is divided into clusters, some of which are randomly selected, and all individuals from those clusters are included in the sample.

Volunteer Bias

A type of selection bias where individuals with certain characteristics are more likely to participate in the study.

Quota Sampling

A non-probability sampling method where the researcher ensures equal numbers from different groups based on certain characteristics.

Sampling Distribution

A probability distribution of all possible sample means from a population, used to understand sample variability.

Systematic Random Sampling

A sampling method where units are selected from a population at regular intervals after a random start.