Biology of Global Change

Alfred Wegener

Theory of plate tectonics

Sowballearth

when the earth cools down due to less GHG

Ediacaran Period

first macro life

Ediacarans

bag like first macro life

Cambrian Explosion

evidence through Burgess Shale

Eurypterids

largest arthropods ever

Placoderms

first fish

Pangaea

super continent

Laurasia

northern part of the world after pangaea split

Gondwanaland

lower part of the continent

PT extinction

great dying- caused by siberian traps

KT extinction

meteor impact that killed the dinosaurs

ENIAC

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer- first computer

UNIVAC

UNIVersal Automatic Computer

Eccentricity

orbital shape

Obliquity

tilt of the earth

Precession

wobble on the axis

IPCC

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Market leakage

environmental damage is shifted from local to global

Biodiversity

natural hierarchical feature of ecosystems

Evidence for Evolution

1. Gradualism

2. Natural Selection

3. Common Ancestor

4. Speciation

Gradualism

1. Ancient Earth

2. Struggle for Existance

3. Familliar fossils

4. Biological time span

Natural Selection

Drives evolution

Common ancestor

1. genomics

2. modern synthesis

3. genomics relatedness

Speciation

1. similar species seperated geographically

2. Can happen rapidly

3. Nested arrangemnet

4. Organisms not unaltered

Alfred Russell Wallace

variation amoung species

ENCODE

ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements

promoters

upstream genes

enhancers

regulate genes from a distance

introns

junk DNA

CRISPR

how we edit and insert genes

Darwin Medicine

1. Selection is based on fittness

2. Evolution does not cause disease but may promote risks

3. We live in novel environments comnpared to which we evolved

Ways we altered human life

1. Prolonged aging

2. intervened in reproduction

3. altered diet

4. modified social structure

New world monkeys

Platyrrhine

Arboreal

Side facing nostrils

Old world monkeys

Catarrhini

terrestrial

downward nostrils

Hominin

after split with common ancestor from chimps

7 gebera of hominin

1. Orrorin

2. Kenyathropus

3. Paranthropus

4. Sahelanthropus

5. Ardipithecus

6. Austalopithecus

7. Homo

Homo

evolved as homo erectus from australopithecine ancestors 2.4 mys

Piecemeal

1. Bipedal locomotion

2. Tool use

Granite

density rock rich in silicon, sodium, potassium, and uranium —elements found in much lower concentrations in the mantle, the ultimate source of all crustal rocks.

Cambrian Explosion

the most rapid, creative period of evolution in the history of our planet.

frontier

fastest super computer in the world

great acceleration

post wwii to present

clinical paleo genomics

the ways in which Neandertal DNA affects our modern physiology

Ultra processed foods

foods that alter metabolism