TSA Cybersecurity Study Guide

The Web

The digital content that is delivered over the Internet, usually through a web browser.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

A company that provides individuals and businesses access to the Internet and other related devices.

The Internet

Often used synonymously with the Web, the vast collection of networking hardware and physical computing devices that make up the Internet.

IP Address

A numerical label that is assigned to devices so they can connect and communicate on a network.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A set of rules that govern the transfer of web content between computers.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A set of rules that govern the transfer of files between computers.

Universal Resource Locator (URL)

The reference or address to a resource on the Internet.

Domain Name System (DNS)

A system and set of rules that associates domain names (such as web servers) with unique IP addresses so that users can find and use network resources by an easily readable name instead of by IP address.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP-IP)

A set of rules that facilitates internet communication.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

A programming language that web pages use to display content through web browsers.

Intranet

A private network, usually hidden from the internet and protected by a security device, that uses the same technologies that are used on the internet and may or may not be connected to the internet.

Voice over IP (VoIP)

A technology that sends voice phone calls using the TCP/IP protocol over digital data lines.

Wi-Fi

A technology that allows computers, smartphones, and other devices to communicate on a wireless network.

Internet of Things (IoT)

A computing concept that describes the network of physical devices and everyday devices (including refrigerators, thermostats, streetlights, and environmental tracking systems) that communicate with the internet.

Cloud Storage

A cloud computing service that remotely maintains, manages, and backs up data and makes that data available to users over a network.

Cloud Computing

The use of remote services hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data.

Streaming

A method of transmitting and receiving data (especially video and audio information) over a network as a steady, continuous flow, allowing playback while the data is being transferred.

Live Streaming

A streaming method that transmits data in real time as it is created.

On-Demand Streaming

A streaming method that allows users to select and watch or listen to video or audio when they choose, rather than at a scheduled broadcast time.

Buffering

The pre-loading of data from a stream into memory to help avoid interruptions while waiting for data that is received in bursts.

What are benefits of cloud computing?

Backup, accessibility, collaboration, and resource pooling.

What are drawbacks of cloud computing?

Privacy and security concerns, internet connection issues, and cloud hosting outages.

Which of the following terms describes a global system of interconnected hypertext documents and files that can be accessed through a browser?

World Wide Web

Which of the following terms describes an organization that connects users to the Internet?

Internet Service Provider

Which medium does Wi-Fi use to send data between networks and devices?

Radio Waves

Browser

A software application that accesses web applications and websites.

Internet

An interconnected global public computer network.

World Wide Web

An information system that connects documents to each other by hypertext links.

Web services that help people meet, interact, and share content with other people online are called _____.

Social Media

________ computing refers to services and applications that run remotely over the Internet.

Cloud

Microsoft's cloud storage service, which is automatically installed on new versions of Windows, is called _____.

OneDrive

A service that lets you store data in a remote location over the Internet is called ______.

Cloud Storage

Clickable text or images that take you to different sites on the World Wide Web are called ____.

Hyperlinks

A pop-up blocker is a web browser feature that _____.

Prevents unwanted advertisements.

When might it be most helpful to clear your browser's cache of temporary Internet files?

When a website is not functioning as it should.

Small files that a website saves on your computer to remember your preferences are called _____.

Cookies

Web browsers save website information in their _____, which helps the site load faster on future visits.

Cache

You successfully connect your computer to a wireless network available at the local library. Although you can access some websites, you can't access several other websites that you need for research. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this problem?

A proxy server is filtering access to websites.

After setting up an Internet connection, you cannot connect to Internet websites, just company intranet sites. What is most likely the problem?

Proxy Settings

Which of the following components is not required to create a network?

Wireless Adapters

Multiple computers configures to be able to communicate and share information with each other form a ____.

Network

Which of the following is the best definition for a LAN?

A network in a small geographic area, like in an office.

Assigning a unique letter (such as N:) to a shared drive is called ____ the drive.

Mapping

Which of the following provides services to hosts on its network?

Server

You have recently issued new mobile phones to the sales team in your company. Each phone has the ability to store and transmit encrypted information for such things as making payments at a checkout counter. Which of the following is the technology being used in these phones?

NFC Chips

Which of the following is a wired networking method most commonly used today by desktop PCs and other network devices to connect to a local area network?

Ethernet

Which kind of connector do you use to connect a modem to a standard telephone line?

RJ-11

A technician is tasked to prepare a conference room so that at least 20 guests will be able to wirelessly connect laptop computers to the company network. Which of the following network devices would be the best choice for this connectivity?

Access Point

Which of the following is the best advice to deploy to protect your private network from an untrusted public network?

Firewall

Which of the following is a firewall function?

Packet Filtering

Kris recently subscribed to a cable Internet provider. Which of the following devices is needed to convert the signal received on the coax cable to data that can be understood by a computer?

Modem

Which type of network uses light pulses to transmit data?

Fiber Optics

A healthcare organization provides mobile clinics throughout the world and needs to transfer patient statistical data to a central database via the Internet. Which network technology should they select to ensure network connectivity for any clinic located anywhere in the world, even remote areas?

Satellite

You are an IT technician for your company. Your boss has asked you to set up and configure a wireless network to service all of the conference rooms. Which of the following features lets you allow or reject client connections based on the hardware address?

MAC address filtering

TCP

Verifies that each packet has been transmitted and received correctly

HTTPS

Encrypts and transfers hypertext pages on the World Wide Web

DNS

Matches unique IP addresses with easy-to-read URLs

HTTP

Transfers hypertext pages on the World Wide Web

Internet Protocol

Divides files into packets and routes them through the Internet to their destination

UDP

Transmits packets in a continuous stream but doesn't verify packets

What is the name of the protocol suite used on the Internet?

TCP/IP

Which of the following protocols is used by an email client to retrieve messages from an email server and gives users the option to keep mail messages on the server?

IMAP

What protocol is used to send email messages from a mail client to a mail server?

SMTP

Employees complain to be the company IT division that they are spending considerable time and effort discarding unwanted junk email. Which of the following should be implemented?

Email Filtering

Which of the following is used on a wireless network to identify the network name?

SSID

You need to add security for your wireless network. You would like to use the most secure method. Which method should you implement?

WPA2

Which of the following features is supplied by WPA2 on a wireless network?

Authentication and encryption

A network administrator wants to change the frequency of their wireless network to allow more channels that do not interfere with each other. Which of the following frequencies or protocols would accomplish this?

5GHz

A technician is checking a customer's wireless network performance and has determined it was using 802.11g. The technician's recommendation is for the customer to upgrade to 802.11ac. Which is the best reason to upgrade?

Improved Performance

Which of the following IT jobs specializes in configuring communication hardware such as cabling, routers, and wireless adapters?

Network Architect

You want to use an application and are not connected to a network. Which of the following application delivery methods should you choose?

Local Installation

What is the term for software that is exclusively controlled by a company and cannot be used or modified without permission?

Proprietary Software

What is the term for software that anyone can use or modify for free?

Open-Source Software

One software license model allows software to be freely distributed, downloaded, and installed without paying a license fee but often requires a fee for support, training, or added functionality. What is the name of this model?

Open-Source

Software that requires a monthly subscription fee is often called ______.

Software as a service

What is software that is delivered over the Internet through a web browser called?

Web applications

Which installation method often requires you to immediately install updates from the Internet after installation is complete?

CD or DVD installation

Which installation method is most likely to put your computer at risk of downloading a virus?

Internet installation

Which application makes sure your computer has the most recent versions of its system software?

Windows Update

What are three access control security services? (Choose three.)

- accounting

- authorization

- authentication

What are two methods that ensure confidentiality? (Choose two.)

- authentication

- encryption

- access control

What are two common hash functions? (Choose two.)

- MD5

- SHA

What three design principles help to ensure high availability? (Choose three.)

-eliminate single points of failure

-provide for reliable crossover

- detect failures as they occur

What is a five nines?

One of the most popular high availability practices is five nines. The five nines refer to 99.999%. This means that downtime is less than 5.26 minutes per year.

What three tasks are accomplished by a comprehensive security policy? (Choose three.)

- defines legal consequences of violations

- sets rules for expected behavior

- gives security staff the backing of management

Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)

A statement that describes what users can and cannot do on the various system components.

What is a method of sending information from one device to another using removable media?

Sneakernet

Data transmission involves sending information from one device to another. There are numerous methods to transmit information between devices including:

Sneaker net - uses removable media to physically move data from one computer to another

Wired networks - uses cables to transmit data

Wireless networks - uses radio waves to transmit data

What mechanism can organizations use to prevent accidental changes by authorized users?

- Version control

Two users cannot update the same object. Objects can be files, database records, or transactions. For example, the first user to open a document has the permission to change that document; the second person has a read-only version.

What is a secure virtual network called that uses the public network?

VPN

What is a virtual private network (VPN) Network?

A virtual private network (VPN) is a secure virtual network that uses the public network (i.e., the Internet). The security of a VPN lies in the encryption of packet content between the endpoints that define the VPN.

What are methods to help to ensure data integrity?

-hashing

-data consistency checks

-access controls

-data validation checks

What are the three states of data? (Choose three.)

- in-transit

- at rest

- in-process

What name is given to a storage device connected to a network?

NAS

What is a network-attached storage (NAS) device?

It is a storage device connected to a network that allows storage and retrieval of data from a centralized location by authorized network users.

What is direct-attached storage (DAS)?

Direct-attached storage (DAS) is storage connected to a computer. A hard drive or USB flash drive is an example of direct-attached storage. By default, systems are not set up to share direct-attached storage.

What is Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)?

Redundant array of independent disks (RAID) uses multiple hard drives in an array, which is a method of combining multiple disks so that the operating system sees them as a single disk. RAID provides improved performance and fault tolerance.

What name is given to any changes to the original data such as users manually modifying data, programs processing and changing data, and equipment failures?

Data modification

What is a SAN network?

A storage area network (SAN) architecture is a network based storage system. SAN systems connect to the network using high-speed interfaces allowing improved performance and the ability to connect multiple servers to a centralized disk storage repository.

What is cloud storage?

Cloud storage is a remote storage option that uses space on a data center provider and is accessible from any computer with Internet access. Google Drive, iCloud, and Dropbox are all examples of cloud storage providers.