AP EURO UNIT 13: 1871-1894 2ND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND MASS SOCIETY

Dynamo

Invented by Michael Faraday, it was a simple motor that revolutionized energy generation during the 2nd industrial revolution.

Telegraph

Created by Samuel Morse, it transmitted messages using pulses and Morse code, significantly speeding up communication.

Steel

Henry Bessemer's innovation transformed iron into a stronger, lighter, and more flexible material, revolutionizing construction and weapon-making.

Dynamite

Alfred Nobel's invention in 1866, a safer explosive used in construction and warfare, leading to the establishment of the Nobel Prize.

Telephone

Alexander Graham Bell's 1876 invention allowed verbal communication over long distances, changing how people interacted.

Wireless Radio

Guglielmo Marconi's creation in the 1890s enabled instant wireless communication over long distances, revolutionizing broadcasting.

Assembly Line

A production method introduced by Henry Ford, it sped up mass production by dividing tasks into smaller steps.

Tariffs

Taxes on imported and exported goods, used to promote domestic purchases over international ones during the 2nd industrial revolution.

Depression

Economic crises marked by a significant decrease in money circulation, leading to price drops and financial struggles across all classes.

Anarchism

A political belief opposing government control, advocating for a society without laws or institutions, often leading to violent actions against authority.

Mass Society

Transformed by the 2nd industrial revolution, it saw increased consumerism, leisure activities, and changes in social structures and gender roles.

Plutocrats

A new professional class emerging during the 2nd industrial revolution, characterized by social mobility and the ability to accumulate wealth through merit.

Mass Education

A movement promoting education for all children, with different curricula for men and women during the 2nd industrial revolution.

Mass Leisure

A new trend fueled by time-saving devices, providing people with more free time for hobbies, entertainment, and leisure activities.

Mass Politics

Emerged during expanding democracy in Europe, leading to the formation of various political parties and movements to influence societal change.

Home Rule

An agreement between an empire and its colony allowing self-rule, seen in colonies like Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland.

Kulturkampf

Bismarck's attack on the Catholic Church in Germany to reduce its influence and loyalty threats after the unification of Germany.

Nationalities Problem

Dissonance between ethnic groups within empires, leading to nationalist movements and revolts against imperial rule.