DNA Transcription and Translation

These flashcards cover the key concepts of DNA transcription and translation based on lecture notes.

DNA is organized into __.

chromosomes

The nucleolus contains __ which is made using instructions in DNA.

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Transcription results in __.

pre-mRNA

The Central Dogma states that information flows from to to __.

DNA to RNA to protein

Transcription is the process of from .

synthesizing RNA from DNA

The part of DNA that is transcribed is called the __.

transcription unit

The TATA box is located about __ nucleotides upstream from the start location.

25

During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in the __ direction.

5' to 3'

mRNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the __.

cytoplasm

In RNA, uracil (U) replaces __.

thymine (T)

The complex that catalyzes RNA splicing is called a __.

spliceosome

Introns are the __ part of mRNA that are removed during splicing.

non-coding

Translation is the process of converting into .

mRNA into polypeptide chains (amino acids)

The __ codon is AUG, which codes for methionine.

start

A tRNA molecule has an __ that is complementary to the codon on mRNA.

anti-codon

The stages of translation include initiation, __, and termination.

elongation

In the elongation stage of translation, the ribosome travels along mRNA from the site to the site.

A site to the P site

Stop codons include UAG, UAA, or __.

UGA

The __ functions as a recognition site for the sigma factor.

promoter

RNA polymerases and transcription factors initiate transcription at the __ site.

promoter

The process of removing introns from the mRNA is called __.

splicing

The __ is involved in peptide bond formation during translation.

ribosome

Termination in transcription occurs when RNA polymerase reaches the __.

terminator

Ribosomes have three active sites known as the A, P, and __ sites.

E

The process of synthesizing RNA from a template DNA strand is called __.

transcription