Solids liquids Terms

Intermolecular Forces

are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring molecules, which play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points.

Boiling Point

the temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the external pressure, causing it to turn into vapor.

Heat of Fusion

the amount of energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point, without changing its temperature.

Endothermic

process that absorbs heat from the surroundings, resulting in temperature decrease in the environment.

Freezing Point

the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid at its freezing point, without changing its temperature.

Heat of Vaporization

the amount of energy required to change a substance from liquid to gas at its boiling point, without changing its temperature.

Exothermic

process that releases heat to the surroundings, resulting in an increase in environmental temperature.

Vapor Pressure

the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase at a given temperature.

Specific Heat Capacity

the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Melting Point

the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.

Evaporation

the process by which molecules escape from the liquid phase to the vapor phase at temperatures below the boiling point.

Calorimetry

the measurement of heat transfer during chemical reactions and physical changes.