Articulation Comp Study Guide

Place

Location along the vocal tract where sound is made.

Examples: Bilabial, Dental, Interdental, Alveolar, Palatal, Velar, Glottal

Manner

Describes how sound is made by airflow/constriction.

6 classes: Stop, Fricative, Affricative,

Nasal, glide

Bilabial

Sound produced using both lips (e.g., /p/, /b/, /m/, /w/)

Dental

Sound produced with the tongue against teeth (e.g., /θ/, /ð/)

Interdental

Sound produced by placing the tongue between teeth (e.g., /f/ , /v/)

Alveolar

Sound produced with the tongue against the alveolar ridge (e.g., /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/)

Palatal

Sound produced with the tongue near the hard palate (e.g., /ʃ/)

Velar

Sound produced with the back of the tongue near the velum (e.g., /k/ and /g/)

Glottal

Sound produced at the level of the glottis (e.g., /h/)

Stop

Sound produced by completely stopping airflow (e.g., /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/)

Fricative

Sound produced by creating friction in the airflow (e.g., /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, h/)

Affricative

Sound that starts as a stop and releases as a fricative (e.g., /ʧ/, /d3/)

Nasal

Sound produced with airflow directed through the nasal cavity (e.g., /m/, /n/, -ing)

Liquid

Sound produced with a partial closure in the vocal tract (e.g., /r/, /l/)

Glide

Sound that glides from one sound to another (e.g., /j/, /w/)

Voicing

Presence or absence of vocal fold vibration in sound production

Stopping

Phonological process where a fricative is substituted with a stop consonant

"pan" for "fan" or "dump" for "jump"

Fronting

Phonological process where velar or palatal sounds are substituted with alveolar sounds

"tootie" for "cookie"

Gliding

Phonological process where /r/ becomes a /w/ and /l/ becomes a /w/ or /j/ sound

Articulation

Speech production difficulty involving motor planning for speech sounds. The "motor aspect"

Allophones

Variations in productions of phonemes not changing the meaning of the word

Phonology

the study of speech sounds in language, how they are organized to create meaning

Phonological disorder

Difficulty organizing sound system to create meaningful linguistic contrasts.

traditional target selection for articulation treatment

emphasized stimulability, developmental norms, consistency of productions.

Non traditional target selection for articulation treatment

system reorganization

Set of criteria articulation treatment

*Stimulable vs. Non stimulable

*Early vs later developing sounds

*Consistent vs. Inconsistent

*Knowledge vs. Least knowledge

Phonological treatment target selection

Determine frequency of occurrence for phonological processes. Identify the deficit patterns that will be cycled by administering tests (HAPP-3 & KLPA-3). Patterns observed in greater than 40% of opportunities are selected as targets

Organize primary, secondary, and advanced target patterns.

Articulation treatment/therapy

Drill therapy, hierarchical, prompting differences, start in isolation, syllable, word, phrase, sentence.

Minimal pairs

Word pairs differing by one phoneme to highlight meaning changes (e.g., thick, tick).

When using this approach, you want to contrast the errors and the target. This is best for pre-school children with several substitution errors.

multiple oppositions approach

A phonologically based therapy approach that targets multiple sound errors at one time using phoneme word pairs that are maximally contrasted (e.g., thing, ring).

Targets several error sounds represented in a collapse of phonemes & Facilitate max learning about phonological system through targeting multiple errors

Maximal Oppositions Approach

Minimal pairs are used as the beginning unit of training. Two sounds not in the child's inventory are selected. These two sounds are maximally different from each other, as determined by 1) total number of unique distinctive features between the sounds, and 2) whether the feature classes in question are major (sonorants, consonantal, vocalic) or non-major. Treatment includes two phases: imitation (client is asked to repeat modeled sounds shown on a picture card) and spontaneous phase (word pairs are produced without clinician model). Clients with at least 6 sounds missing from their phonemic/phonetic inventories are the best candidates for this therapy.

phonological treatment tests

Hodson Assessment of Phonological Patterns (HAPP-3)

Khan Lewis Phonological Analysis -3 (KLPA-3)