Bio 102 lecture 5 animal reproduction

sex

The union of genetic material from individuals of
the same (or sexually compatible) species; often, but
not always, this is the result of the union of gametes

Reproduction

The propagation of new individuals of
an organism

Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction without the fusion of gametes or other
mixing of genetic material

Gametes

haploid cells (like sperm and egg) that fuse during
sexual reproduction

3 of the types of asexual reproduction
that occur in animals

Fission
Budding
Parthenogenesis

Sexual
Reproduction

In
many multicellular
organisms, sexual
reproduction can be
defined as the fusion
of haploid gametes to
form a ZYGOTE which
develops into a new
organism

Hermaphrodite

An
organism that contains
both male and female
reproductive systems

Fertilization

The union of gametes to produce a
zygote. The union of gametes to produce a
zygote

Gonads

gamete producing organs

Testes

Male gonads located
in the scrotum

Epididymis

Connects to the
testes

Coiled tubes (about
6m worth) into which
sperm pass from the
seminiferous tubules
 Sperm mature and
become motile during
their 3 week journey

Vas deferens

connects the
epididymis with the short
ejaculatory duct

Ejaculatory duct

joins with
the urinary duct in the
prostate gland to form the
urethra

Accessory Glands

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands

Gametogenesis

the production of gametes by meiosis
differs in females and males

Spermatogenesis

is production of mature sperm

Oogenesis

is development of mature oocytes (eggs)

GnRH

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

is secreted by the hypothalamus
 directs the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary

FSH

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

regulate processes in the gonads
 regulate the production of sex hormones

LH

Luteinizing Hormone

regulate processes in the gonads
 regulate the production of sex hormones

androgens, estrogens, and
progesterone

are the sex hormones that regulate:
 The development of primary sex characteristics during
embryogenesis
 The development of secondary sex characteristics at puberty
 Sexual behavior and sex drive

Ovaries

female gonads
that flank the uterus

Oviduct

AKA Fallopian
tube, Connects uterus
and ovaries. collect
the egg released by the
ovary and propel the egg to
the uterus

Uterus

the cervix is the
neck of the uterus

Contains the
endometrium
 The blood vessel-rich
lining of the uterus on
which an egg implants

Vagina

Birth canal

Vulva

collective term for
external female genitals
(labia majora, labia
minora, and clitoris)

Follicles

populate the
outer layer of the ovaries
(consist of an OOCYTE and
support cells)

Corpus luteum

a glandular body that
forms from the follicle after
ovulation

Some asexually reproducing species evolved from
sexually reproducing forebearers

like the Whiptail lizards

seminiferous
tubules

(where sperm
form)
 Connective tissue and
Leydig cells which
secrete androgens

Seminal vesicles

Contribute 60% of semen volume –
secretion contains fructose, ascorbic acid,
prostaglandins (hormone-like lipids), and a coagulating
agent

Prostate gland

Secretes into urethra, secretion
contains citrate and anticoagulant

Bulbourethral glands

secretions contain urine
“neutralizing” mucous (buffer), and some sperm

Oogenesis (li)

_______ has long interruptions

Hormones in Females

losely link the two cycles
of female reproduction:
 Changes in the uterus define the menstrual cycle
 Changes in the ovaries define the ovarian cycle