Honors Biology - MAAP Questions

C. They lower activation energy required.

Which statement best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?

A. They raise activation energy.

B. They permanently change during reactions.

C. They lower activation energy required.

D. They supply energy to cells

D. Nucleotide

A molecule contains a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base. What type of molecule is this?

A. Lipid

B. Protein

C. Carbohydrate

D. Nucleotide

C. Algal bloom → oxygen depletion

Runoff increases nitrogen levels in a pond. What is the most likely long-term effect?

A. Less algae growth

B. More oxygen for fish

C. Algal bloom → oxygen depletion

D. Reduced decomposition

B. Nitrogen cycle

A sudden reduction in decomposers would most affect which cycle?

A. Water cycle

B. Nitrogen cycle

C. Carbon cycle

D. Oxygen cycle

A. Growth and development

Cells dividing to repair damaged tissue demonstrates which characteristic?

A. Growth and development

B. Response to stimuli

C. Energy use

D. Reproduction

D. Homeostasis

Explanation: Homeostasis maintains internal balance.

A mouse keeps its temperature stable. What process is this?

A. Metabolism

B. Evolution

C. Organization

D. Homeostasis

B. Has a nucleus

Explanation: Nucleus = eukaryotic cell.

Which evidence best shows a cell is eukaryotic?

A. Lacks organelles

B. Has a nucleus

C. Performs photosynthesis

D. Has cytoplasm

C. Needs high energy

Explanation: More mitochondria = more ATP demand.

A cell has many mitochondria. What does this suggest?

A. Stores water

B. Produces proteins

C. Needs high energy

D. Divides rapidly

C. Water leaves the cell

Explanation: Hypertonic = water exits.

9. A cell shrinks in a hypertonic solution because—

A. Water enters the cell

B. Solute enters the cell

C. Water leaves the cell

D. Solute leaves the cell

C. Moving against gradient

Explanation: Going low→high needs ATP

Why does active transport require energy?

A. Random movement

B. Water crossing membrane

C. Moving against gradient

D. Moving high→low

D. Light-dependent reactions

Explanation: Light reactions supply energy for glucose.

A plant in dim light makes less glucose. Which process is affected?

A. Cellular respiration

B. Calvin cycle

C. Glycolysis

D. Light-dependent reactions

B. Anaerobic respiration

Explanation: Low oxygen → anaerobic ATP.

During sprinting, what ATP method increases?

A. Aerobic respiration

B. Anaerobic respiration

C. DNA replication

D. Photosynthesis

A. Less ATP

Explanation: Mitochondria make ATP.

If mitochondria fail, what occurs?

A. Less ATP

B. Less DNA

C. More glucose

D. More proteins

D. Genetic code redundant

Explanation: Multiple codons = same amino acid.

A mutation changes one DNA base but same amino acid made. Why?

A. All mutations harmful

B. Protein determines DNA

C. RNA fixes errors

D. Genetic code redundant

C. Frameshift mutation

Explanation: Frameshift alters downstream codons.

A deletion removes one base. What effect occurs?

A. No effect

B. One amino acid changes

C. Frameshift mutation

D. DNA repairs itself

A. DNA copied to RNA

Explanation: DNA cannot leave nucleus.

Why must transcription occur first?

A. DNA copied to RNA

B. Protein enters nucleus

C. Ribosomes make DNA

D. RNA makes ATP

B. mRNA carries code to ribosome

Explanation: Central dogma: DNA→RNA→protein.

Relationship between DNA, mRNA, protein?

A. DNA leaves nucleus

B. mRNA carries code to ribosome

C. Protein copies DNA

D. Ribosomes make DNA

B. Photosynthesis releasing On

Explanation: Photosynthesis releases On.

Elodea forms bubbles in bright light. What is occurring?

A. Respiration releasing COn

B. Photosynthesis releasing On

C. Osmosis increasing

D. Fermentation

D. Ribosome & mitochondria

Explanation: Ribosome→protein, mitochondria→ATP.

A cell cannot make proteins or ATP. Which organelles impacted?

A. Chloroplast & vacuole

B. Nucleus & centriole

C. Ribosome & lysosome

D. Ribosome & mitochondria

B. Osmosis

Explanation: Osmosis moves water into roots

Which process explains water entering plant roots?

A. Diffusion

B. Osmosis

C. Active transport

D. Endocytosis