social problems exam 2

functionalist theory

a theory that views society as a system whose parts work together

manifest and latent functions/dysfunctions

manifest = intentional, latent = unintentional, functions = good, dysfunctions = bad

conflict theory

a theory that argues that society is constantly in conflict

capitalism

economic system where private individuals own capital goods

democracy

system of government described as “rule by the majority”

neoliberalism

economic ideology that favors minimal government intervention into the economy

misrecognition

the failure to recognize a person’s identity, worth, or culture

culture wars

intense conflicts of deeply held values, beliefs, and social norms between opposing groups

compulsory/normative heterosexuality

the assumption that heterosexuality is the only normal nd natural human orientation

intersectionality

the understanding of how social and political identities overlap and intersect

moral panics

the exaggerated fear of a group of people, usually spread by media and the public

de jure segregation vs. de facto segregaion

de jure = seperation of people forced by the government, de facto = seperation of the people without legal enforcement

coleman report

found that students’ background and socioeconomic status mattered more to achievement gaps rather than school resources

seasonal approach

it explores the seasons of social cycles

zero tolerance policies

strict rules enforcing severe punishments in schools

material hardship

the inability to afford basic, essential needs

food insecurity

social and economic conditions classified by a lack of nutritious food

for-profit college

private, more expensive colleges

untenable choices

decisions that cannot de defended or justified

stigma - discredited and discreditable

discredited = a visible attribute that may cause someone to be devalued, discreditable = an unknown/invisible, socially devalued attribute

adultification

treating children as mature, responsible, and more capable than they are

motherhood penalty

when working mothers experience lower wages, promotions, and hiring opportunities

fatherhood benefit

they experience higher wages, increased opportunities, more respect, and job security

family-friendly workplace policies

structured supports built to help employees balance work and family responsibilities

mixed status families (legal capital)

households with members that have different citizenship or immigration statuses

deferred action for childhood arrivals (DACA)

a policy providing temporary protection from deportation to young undocumented immigrants brought to the US as children

deferred action for parents of americans (DAPA)

a policy that grants temporary deportation relief and work permits to undocumented parents of US citizens