MET - 3100 (Applied Physical Metallurgy) - Chapter #1

Extractive Metallurgy

The study and process of extracting metals from their natural ores and refining them into a pure form. (Pyrometallurgy, Hydrometallurgy, and Electrometallurgy)

Physical Metallurgy

Focuses on the physical properties and structure of metals and alloys, aiming to optimize their performance. (Crystal structures, Phase diagrams, Heat treatments, Microstructure analysis, Mechanical properties, etc.)

Mechanical Metallurgy

Deals with the response of metals to mechanical forces, focusing on deformation and failure mechanisms. (Stress-strain behavior, Fracture mechanics, Metal forming, Fatigue and creep, etc.)

Chemical Metallurgy

Involves the chemical aspects of metal production and processing. (Corrosion and its prevention, Alloying and its effects, Thermodynamics and kinetics of metal reactions, etc.)

Process Metallurgy

Concerned with industrial methods for metal production and refinement. (Casting, Welding, Metal powder production, etc.)

Advanced Metallurgy

Focuses on modern and emerging technologies in metallurgy. (Additive manufacturing, metal 3D printing, etc.)

Metals

___ consist of alkaline, alkaline earth, metalloids and transition metals.

Metal Alloys

Mixtures of two or more metal and nonmetal elements (for example, aluminum and copper, Cu-Ni alloy, steel).

Properties of Metals

• Electrically conductive (free electrons)

• Thermally conductive

• High strength - large capacity to carry load over x-section area (stress)

• Ductile - endure large amounts of deformation before breaking

• Magnetic - ferromagnetism, paramagnetic

• Medium melting point.

Polymers

___ consist of various hydro-carbon (organic elements) with select additives to elucidate specific properties.

Structure of Polymers

___ are typically disordered (amorphous) strands of hydrocarbon molecules.

Properties of Polymers

• ductile

• lightweight

• medium strength

• chemical stability

• low melting point

Examples of Ceramics

Clay, silica glass, alumina, quartz.

Examples of Composites

Wood, carbon fiber resins, concrete.

composites

a mixture of two different materials to create a new material with combined properties

Particulate reinforced composites

discontinuous type of composite with low aspect ratio

Whisker/rod reinforced composites

discontinuous type of composite with high aspect ratio

Fiber reinforced composites

continuous type of composite with high aspect ratio (naturally)

Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic-Composites (UHTC)

materials that can change the shape of next-generation space planes due to their unique properties