Applying Newton's Laws of Motion

What factors contribute to greater stability according to the Principle of Stability?

A larger base of support, a lower center of mass, a larger mass, and a line of gravity within the base of support.

How does a basketball player demonstrate the Principle of Stability?

By widening their stance and lowering their body when preparing to jump or absorb contact.

What is the Principle of summing joint forces?

It's when the forces created by our muscles combine at our joints to allow us to execute powerful movements.

Describe the sequence of movements in a javelin throw according to the Principle of summing joint forces.

The thrower starts by driving force from the legs, rotates the torso, followed by the shoulder, elbow, and finally the wrist.

What does this sequence (large to small muscle groups) build up?

Maximum force to launch the javelin further.

What does the direction of force applied affect in the Principle of impulse direction?

It determines the direction of motion.

Provide an example of the Principle of impulse direction.

A footballer applies force on the side of the ball to make it move sidewards.

Formulas for the principle of linear momentum and linear impulse

Momentum = mass x velocity

Impulse = force x time

How does impulse relate to momentum?

A greater impulse results in greater momentum.

How can a long follow-through in kicking a football affect performance?

It increases impulse, generating more power and distance.

Explain the Principle of Angular Motion.

It occurs when force is applied further away from the center of mass, causing an object to rotate .

What does this create?

Torque - a turning force that results in rotation

What affects the speed and control of rotation in Angular Motion?

The moment of inertia (how mass is distributed around the axis)

What is angular momentum, and how is it conserved?

It is the product of moment of inertia and rotational speed, conserved unless acted on by external torque.

What is the center of mass?

It is the average position of all the mass in an object or person.

What does the center of mass change based on?

Body position; moving limbs or altering posture redistributes body weight.

What happens to the center of mass when you bend your knees?

Your center of mass lowers.

Define Angular Momentum.

The quantity of rotation of a body, calculated as the product of inertia and angular velocity.

What is moment of inertia, and what does it refer to?

It refers to the resistance to rotational change, depending on how mass is distributed relative to the axis of rotation.

How do athletes control spin speed during rotation?

By adjusting body positions to control moment of inertia.

What is angular velocity?

The rate of rotation around an axis, measured in degrees per second or radians per second.

How does increasing angular velocity affect an athlete's performance?

It results in faster rotation or movement, increasing speed and distance when releasing an object.

What is the relationship between moment of inertia and angular velocity?

As moment of inertia increases, angular velocity decreases.