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1st function of the bone
support - provide framework
2nd function of the bone
proetction - skull to brain, vertebrae to spinal cord, ribcage to heart/lungs
3rd function of the bone
anchorage - muscles attach to bones by tendons using bones as levers to move the body
4th function of the bone
mineral storage - resovoirs for calcium + phosphate and release them to the bloodstream
5th function of the bone
blood cell formation - hemtopolesisoccures in the red marrow
6th function of the bone
fat storage - stored in yellow marrow inside long bones
7th function of the bone
hormone production - produce osteocalcin
which bones are long bones
look like a traditional bone with a diaphysis (shaft) and epiphyses (ends) with medullary cavity inside.
examples of long bones
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Metatarsals
Phalanges
1
proximal epiphysis/metaphysis
2
diphysis
3
distal epiphysis/metaphysis
4
articular cartilage
5
bone marrow adipose tissue
6
endosteum
7
spongy bone
8
epiphyseal line
9
red bone marrow
10
medullary cavity
11
compact bone
12
nutrient foramen/artery
13
perosteum
Long bones
Support weight and facilitate movement; act as levers.
Short bones
Provide stability and some movement; cube-shaped.
Flat bones
Protect internal organs and provide broad surfaces for muscle attachment.
Irregular bones
Have complex shapes that protect organs or provide specialized support.
Sesamoid bones
Develop within tendons; protect tendons from stress and wear, and improve mechanical efficiency.