long bones

1st function of the bone

support - provide framework

2nd function of the bone

proetction - skull to brain, vertebrae to spinal cord, ribcage to heart/lungs

3rd function of the bone

anchorage - muscles attach to bones by tendons using bones as levers to move the body

4th function of the bone

mineral storage - resovoirs for calcium + phosphate and release them to the bloodstream

5th function of the bone

blood cell formation - hemtopolesisoccures in the red marrow

6th function of the bone

fat storage - stored in yellow marrow inside long bones

7th function of the bone

hormone production - produce osteocalcin

which bones are long bones

look like a traditional bone with a diaphysis (shaft) and epiphyses (ends) with medullary cavity inside.

examples of long bones

• Humerus

• Radius

• Ulna

• Metacarpals

• Phalanges

• Femur

• Tibia

• Fibula

• Metatarsals

• Phalanges

1

proximal epiphysis/metaphysis

2

diphysis

3

distal epiphysis/metaphysis

4

articular cartilage

5

bone marrow adipose tissue

6

endosteum

7

spongy bone

8

epiphyseal line

9

red bone marrow

10

medullary cavity 

11

compact bone

12

nutrient foramen/artery 

13

perosteum 

Long bones

Support weight and facilitate movement; act as levers.

Short bones

Provide stability and some movement; cube-shaped.

Flat bones

Protect internal organs and provide broad surfaces for muscle attachment.

Irregular bones

Have complex shapes that protect organs or provide specialized support.

Sesamoid bones

Develop within tendons; protect tendons from stress and wear, and improve mechanical efficiency.