Animal Science Exam #3 Study Guide

EPD

progeny that has already hit the ground (earnings)

EBV

predicted or estimated of birth weight/weaning weight

Chromosome

double-strand helix of DNA

Gene

coat color, height, weight, etc.

Lipids

provide 2.25 times more energy than carbs

Crude protein calculation

# used to calculate crude protein is 6.25

Dystocia

difficult labor or birth

Continuous mating system

Mating system focused on retaining females back into the herd

Terminal mating system

sell off all offspring and buy new replacements

Index

Selection tool focusing on a combo of multiple traits and relative economic impact

Crude protein %

Multiply grams of nitrogen by 6.25 to find crude protein %

Water

most essential class of nutrient

Monosaccharide

fructose, galactose, and glucose (simplest form of sugars)

Disaccharide

sucrose, lactose, and maltose

Lactose

primary carb in milk

Casein

primary protein in milk

Amino acids

are precursors for proteins

Protein

builds muscle

Essential amino acids

provided in the diet because animals can't synthesize them

Non-essential amino acids

animals synthesize them

Essential amino acids mnemonic

PVT TIM HALL

Nitrogen to crude protein

Nitrogen x 6.25 = crude protein

Concentrates

high in energy and digestibility, low in fiber and minerals

Saturated fatty acids

are not hard to break (no double bond; think of wet cotton candy)

Fat soluble vitamins

ADEK

Water soluble vitamins

B complex and C

Vitamin A

vision

Vitamin D

bone development and growth

Vitamin E

formation of cell membrane and great antioxidant

Vitamin K

blood clotting

Macro minerals vs micro minerals

Macro minerals are required in smaller quantities than micro minerals - false

Roughages

low in energy and digestibility, high in fiber vitamins and minerals

Dry matter

Remainder of feedstuff once moisture has been removed

Hyperplasia

increase in muscle fibers

Fetal development

Significant fetal development occurs in 1st and 2nd trimester

Heat loss mechanism

Animals can increase heat loss with vasodilation - true

dry matter =

lbs x dry matter %

protein consumed =

dry matter lbs x crude protein

digestibility =

feed intake - feces divided by feed intake x 100

digestibility of protein =

nutrient intake - feces / intake x 100