Sensation and Perception: Sensory Information Processing

Sensation

Process of receiving physical sense information.

Perception

Brain's interpretation of sensory information.

Transduction

Conversion of sensory stimuli into neural signals.

Afferent Nerves

Nerves that carry sensory information to the brain.

Efferent Nerves

Nerves that transmit signals from the brain to muscles.

Cornea

Protective barrier that focuses incoming light.

Lens

Focuses light waves onto the retina.

Iris

Muscle that controls pupil size and eye color.

Pupil

Opening that allows light to enter the eye.

Fovea

Area for sharp central vision, contains only cones.

Retina

Contains photoreceptor cells for visual transduction.

Optic Nerve

Transmits visual information from retina to brain.

Thalamus

Brain structure that relays sensory information.

Visual Cortex

Brain region responsible for processing visual information.

Bottom-up Processing

Processing sensory information without prior knowledge.

Top-Down Processing

Using existing knowledge to interpret sensory data.

Ciliary Muscle

Adjusts lens shape for focusing on objects.

Vitreous Humor

Maintains eye shape and prevents lens displacement.

Aqueous Humor

Jelly-like substance that nourishes and shapes the eye.

Zonule Fibers

Hold the lens in place within the eye.

Sclera

Tough outer layer protecting the eyeball.

Optic Chiasm

Point where optic nerves cross for visual processing.

Corpus Callosum

Connects left and right hemispheres for communication.