Midterm - Social Aspect of Death and Dying
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45 Terms
What is thanatology?
The study of dying, death, and bereavement
What is sociology?
The study of social life and the relationships within
What is direct learning?
acquiring culture through deliberate instruction by other members of that society - formal
What is indirect learning?
acquiring culture through observation of others in their society - informal
What are euphemisms?
words/phrases used in place of other words that are deemed offensive or inapropriate
What were the characteristics (causes) of death in 1900?
Acute & Communicable
What were the characteristics (causes) of death today?
Chronic & Degenerative
What is urbanization?
people moving out of rural areas and into towns and cities (urban life)
What is industrialization?
where an economy is transformed from an agricultural one to one based on manufacturing goods
What is secularization?
changing from something religious to unreligious
What is a cultural universal?
commmon elements patterns, traits that exist in all human cultures
What are norms?
Group held belief of how members should behave
What are taboos?
Social prohibition of certain actions
What are mores?
Must behaviours; call for a strong reaction if violated
What are folkways?
Social customs (tradition); no strong reaction if violated
What are laws?
Rules(methods of procedures) of action prescribed and enforced by authority
Why was the 1900 avg life expectancy so low?
infants and children
What is personification?
Attributing human characteristics to the concept of death (ex. grim reader)
What is magical thinking?
Believing that words or thoughts or actions can cause someone to die
What is assimilation?
where one’s person or language comes to resemble another group
What is diffusion?
process which a culture item spreads from group to group
What are the funeral cultural universals?
Announcement of death
Care of the body
Method of disposition
Ceremony/ritual
Memoralization
What is culture?
Rules, ideas, and beliefs shared by members of society
What is ethnocentrism?
Emotional attitude that one culture is superior to others
What is cultural relativism?
An emotional attitude that all cultures are pertinent
What are euphemisms?
Linguistic term for when we use shorter language to mask harsh realities
What is neolocalism?
Moving from where you are born
What is industrialization?
Replacement of individual crafting products by the manufacturing of goods using mass production techniques
What is urbanization?
Change from rural to urban
What is Birth → 3 yrs.
Experiences death as seperation anxiety
3 - 5 yrs.
Can't think abstractly, views death as temporary and “living in a changed state”
5 - 9 yrs.
Magical thinking and superstition, personification and believes death is final but not universal
9 - 10 and above
Death is part of the life cycle and it is inevitable/universal
Joint (extended) family
Family unit consisting of father, mother their children (except married daughters), their sons’ wives and children
Life expectancy
Avg # of yrs that they are expected to live
Blended family
Two parents, children from prev. marriage, and may include children from present
Cultural relativism
Emotional attitude that all cultures are equal and pertinent
Customs
Social behavior as dictated by tradition
Self sufficient
A characteristic of joint family historically
Nuclear family
Family unit with two parents married to each other and the children
Highly mobile
A characteristic of a nuclear family
Agrarian
Agriculture/farm - based
Modified extended family
Family unit created by related nuclear families and/or friendships
Common law marriage
Marriage recognized in some jurisdiction and based on the parties agreement to consider themselves married
Cohabitation
Two unrelated adults sharing the same living quarters without being married