Physics Y4T1CT Formulae Sheet.docx

Speed (m/s)

Speed = Distance (m) / Time (s).

Acceleration (m/s²)

Acceleration = ΔVelocity (m/s) / ΔTime (s).

motion equations

v = u + at

s = ut + (1/2)at²

v² = u² + 2as

• v = final velocity (m/s)

• s = total displacement (m)

• u = initial velocity (m/s)

• a = acceleration (m/s²)

• t = time (s)

Mass (kg)

Mass is the quantity of matter in an object, and cannot be changed depending on location unlike weight

Weight (N)

Weight = Mass (kg) x g (m/s²)

Density (kg/m³)

Density = Mass (kg) / Volume (m³).

Newton’s Second Law of Motion (N)

Force (N) = Mass (kg) x Acceleration (m/s²).

Hooke’s Law (N)

Force (N) = Spring Constant (N/m) x Displacement (m).

Moment of a Force (N·m)

Moment (N·m) = Force (N) x Distance (m) from the pivot point.

Principle of Moments (N·m)

ΣMoment_anticlockwise (N·m) = ΣMoment_clockwise (N·m).

Momentum (kg·m/s)

Momentum (kg·m/s) = Mass (kg) x Velocity (m/s).

Total Initial Momentum (kg·m/s)

Total Initial Momentum (kg·m/s) = Σp_initial (kg·m/s).

Total Final Momentum (kg·m/s) (p)

Total Final Momentum (kg·m/s) (p) = Σp_final (kg·m/s).

Impulse (N·s) (Δp)

Impulse (N·s)

= Force (N) x ΔTime (s)

= Mass (kg) x ΔVelocity (m/s)
= P(final) - P(initial)

Work Done (J)

Work Done (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m).

Power (W)

Power (W) = Work Done (J) / Time (s).

Efficiency (%)

Efficiency (%) = (Useful Work Output / Total Energy Input) x 100%.

Pressure (Pa)

Pressure (Pa) = Force (N) / Area (m²).

Boyle’s Law (P·V constant)

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂.

General Gas Equation (PV = nRT)

PV = nRT.

The combined gas law

P1V1/ T1 = P2V2/ T2

Specific Heat Capacity (J/kg·K) (c)

Q (J) = Mass (kg) x Specific Heat Capacity (J/kg·K) x ΔTemperature (K).

c = C/Mass (kg)

Heat Capacity (J/kg) (C)

Q (J) = Specific Heat Capacity (J/K) x ΔTemperature (K).

Specific Latent Heat of Fusion (J/kg)

Q (J) = Mass (kg) x Latent Heat of Fusion (J/kg).

Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation (J/kg)

Q (J) = Mass (kg) x Latent Heat of Vaporisation (J/kg).

Amo of heat gained or loss

Q = mcΔT (specific heat capacity)

Q = CΔT (heat capacity)

Wave Speed (m/s)

Wave Speed (m/s) = Frequency (Hz) x Wavelength (m).

Snell’s Law (n₁ sin(θ₁) = n₂ sin(θ₂))

n₁ sin(θ₁) = n₂ sin(θ₂).

Refractive Index (n)

Refractive Index (n) = Speed of Light in Vacuum (c) / Speed of Light in Medium (v).

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency (Hz) = 1 / Period (s)(T).

Frequency (Hz) = Velocity (m/s) / Wavelength (λ)

Period (s)

Period (s) = 1 / Frequency (Hz).

Wavelength (m) (λ)

Wavelength (m) = Wave Speed (m/s) / Frequency (Hz).