AP Euro Vocab Period 4 P1

Triple Entente

Triple Entente

an alliance signed in 1907 that consisted of Russia, Great Britain, and France

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Lusitania

a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915; turned America against Germany

Zionists

Jewish nationalists who wanted to establish a national homeland for Jews in Palestine

Balfour Declaration

British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WW1

Alexander Kerensky

An agrarian socialist who became prime minister of Russia. He refused to confiscate land holdings and felt that continuation of war was most important.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Federal system of socialist republics established in 1923 in various ethnic regions of Russia; firmly controlled by Communist party; diminished nationalities protest under Bolsheviks; dissolved 1991.

democratic centralism

a form of democracy in which the interests of the masses were discovered through discussion within the Communist party, and then decisions were made under central leadership to serve those interests

Brest-Litovsk Treaty

a signed agreement between Russia and the Central Powers when Russia withdrew from the war; Russia surrendered Poland, the Ukraine, and other territory to Germany in order to exit the war

Ataturk

"Father of the Turks" who helped to create Republic of Turkey and wanted to modernize [westernize] Turkey as well as separate religion and government

collective security

the use of an international army raised by an association of nations to deter aggression and keep the peace

Age of Anxiety

time between 1918 and 1950 when the meaning of life was being questioned around the world because of the harsh brutality of World War I, impersonal attitudes, pessimism for future

Dawes Plan

plan from 1923 to reestablish German currency and reduce their reparation payments

Irish Free State

created by the British parliament in January 22. Made Ireland a dominion within the British Commonwealth but many Irish republicans still wanted severance of all formal ties to Britain and creation of a republic.

Friedrich Nietzsche

a German philosopher who challenged rationality and championed passion and emotions

Salvador Dali

a Spanish surrealist artist and one of the most important painters of the 20th century; known for the striking, bizarre, and beautiful images in his surrealist work

protectionism

the theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports

kulaks

Rich peasants in the Russian Empire who owned larger farms and used hired labor

Politburo

Ruling committee of the Communist Party

Popular Front

A government of all left-wing parties that took power in France in 1936 to enact social and economic reforms.

Munich Conference

1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudentenland to him in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of England who succeeded Chamberlain under whose leadership Britain survived the Battle of Britain and all of its attacks

Battle of the Bulge

the last major German offensive on the Western Front

Battle of Britain

A series of battles between German and British air forces, fought over Britain in 1940-1941

Tripartite Pact

Signed between the Axis powers in 1940 (Italy, Germany and Japan) where they pledged to help the others in the event of an attack by the US