earth science final exam

The preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past are called an (blank)

Fossil

Water containing high concentrations of calcium or magnesium is called (blank)

Hard water

The loose material that covers bedrock and contains organic matter is called (blank)

Soil

The process that picks up and moves materials from one place to another is called(blank)

Erosion

An (blank) is useful for dating rock layers because it was widespread and short-lived.

Index fossil

The planet known as the "Red Planet" is (blank)

Mars

The first stage in a star's life is called an (blank)

Protostars

The planet with the shortest day (fastest spin) is (blank)

Jupiter

The galaxy that includes our solar system is called the (blank)

Milky Way

(Blank) is the breaking down or changing of materials on Earth's surface.

Weathering

The time unit smaller than a period in the geologic time scale is called an (blank)

Epoch

Organisms that created oxygen 3.5 billion years ago were (blank)

Cyanobacteria

(Blank) is the dropping of materials in a new location after being transported.

Deposition

Rocks that most commonly contain fossils are called (blank)

Sedimentary rock

The process by which water flows downhill on Earth's surface is called (blank)

Runoff

The planet that spins backward (retrograde) is (blank)

Venus

The longest division of geological time is the (Blank)

Eon

The planet closest to the Sun is (Blank)

Mercury

The second-largest time unit in geology, smaller than an eon, is called an (blank)

Era

The planet that likely formed first in the solar system is (blank)

Jupiter

(Blank) Is the process where organisms produce light through body chemistry.

Bioluminescence

A(blank) is a space tool used to observe distant stars and galaxies.

Telescope

(blank)weathering is another term for physical weathering.

Mechanical Weathering

The planet that supports water in solid, liquid, and gas forms is (blank)

Earth

Tiny algae that help produce Farth's oxygen are called (Blank)

phytoplankton

The era that makes up about 90% of Earth's history is the (blank)

Precambrian

A scientist who studies the Earth's oceans is called (blank)

Oceanographer

The (blank) Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth.

Pacific

The (blank)Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the oceans.

Arctic

A (blank) occurs when Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon.

Lunar eclipse

The early Earth was extremely hot due to pressure, collisions, and internal (blank)

Sun heat

Earth is called the "(blank)" because of the vast amount of water on its
surface.

Blue planet

The Moon and Sun both influence Earth's(blank) through gravitational forces.

Tides

A fossilized imprint left behind when an organism dissolves away is a(blank)

Mold fossil

A filled-in replica of a mold fossil is called a (blank)

Cast fossil

The element that is most abundant in stars, along with helium, is (blank)

Hydrogen

(blank) is the measure of dissolved salt in ocean water.

Salinity

A planet (blank) is what causes the ocean tides to rise and fall

Gravitational pull

Our planet formed approximately (blank) ago

4.6 billion years ago

A (blank) is a planet-like object that orbits the Sun but doesn't clear its orbit.

Dwarf planet

Our Sun is classified as a (blank)

Star

(blank) is the planet that spins on its side due to a tilted axis.

Uranus

The Geologic Time Scale is a system of measuring time through specific events in (Blank)

Earth history

The primary characteristic that separates one geologic time division from another is typically (blank) and the appearance of new life.

Mass extinction

A (blank) an example of a trace fossil.

Fossilized footprints

The (blank) is the closest star to Earth.

Sun

The type of organism most likely to become a fossil is organisms with (blank) like bones or shells.

Hard parts

Earth's surface is covered in over(blank) of water.

Over 70%

Ocean water contains dissolved gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide and (Blank)

dissolved hutrients

It is important that we protect the ocean because the ocean helps to regulate (blank)

Temperature and climate

Protecting the ocean benefits marine life because it reduces pollution and provides a (blank) environment for marine species.

Healthier

A star's life cycle is determined by its(blank)

Mass