cranial nerves

CNI: olfactory nerve

CNI: olfactory nerve

smell

damage: anosmia

cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

where does CN1, olfactory nerve pass through

CNII: optic nerve

vision

damage cause anopsia

optic canals of the sphenoid bone

where does CNII optic nerve pass through

CNIII occulomotor nerve

control movement of eye and accommodation of lens, constricts pupil

superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone (CNIII)

where does CNIII occulomotor nerve pass through

damage causes strabismus, diplopia, and ptosis

CN IV: trochlear nerve

controls superior oblique muscle

damage causes strabismus, diplopia

superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone (CNIV)

CNIV trochlear nerve

CNV: trigeminal nerve

chewing muscles and facial sensation

damage causes loss of muscle function and facial sensation

CN VI: abducent nerve

controls lateral rectus muscle

damage causes strabismus or diplopia

superior orbital fissure (CNVI)

CNVI abducent nerve

CNVII facial nerve

muscles of facial expression and taste to anterior 2/3s of tongue

damage causes bell’s palsy and loss of taste

internal auditory canal and stylomastoid foramen of the temporal bone

CNVII facial nerve

CNVIII: vestibulocochlear nerve

equillibrium and hearing

damage can cause vertigo or tinnitus

internal auditory canal of the temporal bone

CNVIII vestibulocochlear nerve

CNIX: glossopharyngeal nerve

taste on posterior 1/3 tongue and swallowing muscles

damage causes loss of taste, decreased throat sensation, difficulty swallowing

jugular foramen of the temporal bone (CN IX)

CNIX glossopharyngeal nerve

CN X: vagus nerve

sensation to throat, swallowing muscles, and 75% of parasympathetic function

damage causes decreased sensation, difficulty swallowing, and loss of parasympathetic function to thorax and abdomen (high HR)

jugular foramen of the temporal bone (CNX)

CNX vagus nerve

CN XI: accessory nerve

supplies trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

damage causes loss of motor function

jugular foramen of temporal bone (CN XI)

spinal accessory nerve CNXI

CN XII: hypoglossal nerve

movement of tongue

damage causes difficulty chewing, speaking, and swallowing

hypoglossal canal of the occipital bone

CN XII hypoglossal nerve