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How fast does pollution from china go across pacific
4 days
% of production by Central Valley
50% fruit
90% nuts for the world
20% dairy
What is agriculture urban conflict
Land is less expensive near farms
What’s the rate of world population development
Population will triple by 2025 and food, production won’t
How much marginal land is there in the world
2/3
What is marginal land
You can’t grow crops and used for livestock only bc grass grows cellulose which only is consumed by ruminants (cows)
How much land is airable land
1/3
What is airable land
Can grow crops
How many pigs does china have
1 billion per year
Which countries have the most cattle
India and Brazil
How many cows was there in the us in 1950 compared to now
25 million now 9 million but there’s a 60% produce increase
How many piglets die in the pre weaning stage in china
40%(400 million pigs)
China swine ex male?
What is the most common swine operation type
Farrrow to finish
.low feed requirements
.higher lvl of management
.higher labor requirements
.high investment in buildings and equipment
What is the swine nursery
Swine facility where weaned pigs ares raised until the size of a feeder pig
What is swine farrow to wean
A
It includes breeding stock and new born pigs that aren’t yet weaned. Weaned pigs are sold to producers raise until sold for feeder pigs
What is swine farrow to feeder
Swine facility that includes breeding stock and pigs ranging from newborn to feeder pig size
What is swine farrow to finish
Includes breeding stock pigs are raised from birth until sold for slaughter
What is swine finish
Includes market hogs, but not breeding stock that are fed until they’re sold for slaughter
Modern swine farms
Are wean to finish
What are tails docked in swine
Because they’ll get chewed off by other piglets
Why do piglets get their ears notched
Because tags would get chewed off by others
What weight do growing and finishing hogs start at
40/45lbs
What weight do hogs end at before going off to market
190-220 and takes about 115 days
How does the ADG change as pigs are
Heavier the animal =higher ADG
What is advantage of having pigs indoor
Can control the temperature and control bio security
What are indoor facility floor types
Most of the time slats (opening in the floor) Maude falls through into a underground collection area
Ventilation variations of indoor swine facilities
Open front, curtain sided,and mechanically ventilated
(T/F) Are the number of large farms increasing and small family decreasing
True
What is economy of scale
Keeps items affordable and making it extremely expensive
How many days are swine in farrow
17 days
How many days are swine in nursery
45 days
How many days are swine in finishing
128 days
In which stage of production are swine feed the most
In finishing at 275 kg of feed and total with weaning amount fed ends up being 300kg of fedd
What does swine eat
Corn and soybean are the main ingredients,
What is bioavailability
Package of protein, macro, and micro nutrients that can be digested by humans easily
What drives swine production
Lower cost,
increase pigs per sow per year
.increase farrowing or conception rate
.increase litter size
Increase weight gain
Improve feed efficiency
Improve animal health
.morbidity
.mortality
Why is a mom sow in a farrowing crate
She can kill, her babies by crushing them
What is greatest risk in finishing pig production
The price at the packing plant for the hog fluctuates
2/3 of energy consumed is used for what
To regulate body temperature
How long is a sow 8n a farrowing crate
3 weeks
Wallow story
He was a phd student at a school in Texas he studied wallows ( water puddle) and what microbes and environmental conditions are, he found mud at bottom was at 75 degrees even when hot outside
Are pig sensitive to noise
Yes some people play music in swine farm to used to noise of people
What is done to lighting with pigs
simulated as if they were outdoors
How much fertilizer is animal manure in the world
½ and other half Is synthetic manure
What does it mean when pigs are huddled
Their cold
What does it mean when piglets are very spread out
Their hot
Why is manure important to mange
To keep animals healthy,air quality good, no accumulation of pathogens,
How is manure handled dry
Straw bedding
How is manure mostly handled
Wet and it gets stored in water in a thing called “ lagoon”
What can manure lagoon do
Make bio gas
How is bio gas made
Gas gets trapped with mainly methane it and then gets cleaned to become transportation fuel
What is anaerobic digestion
Use of bio gas
When and why is castration done to piglets
Because of boar taint and at first 2 weeks of life
What does boar taint affect
The taste of meat
How is castration done
2 inspections and squeeze out testicles with no anesthesia
What is clipping of needle teeth
K9 tip of teeth snipped to prevents for them to shred moms teat
What is done on old sows
Hoof trimming to prevent long growth of curve up and cause problems walking
How fast do piglets run out of their natural iron
5 days
when and how are piglets given iron injections
2-6 weeks of age with iron dextran injections
When is starter diet available to piglets
7-10 days after birth
Why are piglets given iron
To prevent anemia
What is flight zone
the space allowed between an animal and person while their comfortable
What are proper tools to move a pig
Board, flags, a paddle with a rattle, and a snare( goes over animals snout and keeps them in place)
What is not a good handling tool for pigs
Electric prod
When is electric prod used
To get them to move if blocked in but only to get the out of mental blockage
What important for all species regarding transportation
Never transport a non ambulatory animal(animal that can’t walk)
What is done to non ambulatory animal
Euthanize
Why cant meat of a non ambulatory be sold
USDA won’t allow it to go through inspection
EXTRA CREDIT STORY
Locational an estrus: while a woman is lactating she puts out hormones that simulate being pregnant and that’s why she can’t get pregnant while lactating and pigs aren’t fertile first heat after birth
Which state is number 2 dairy state
Wisconsin
What part of CA are most cows
Southern part of the Central Valley called San Joaquin valley
How any dairy cows are in San juaquin valley
about 1,100
(T/F) if you have 1,500 dairy cows do you have the same amount of dry cows = total being 3,000 cows
True
What is the number one county in Ca that produces the most milk
Tulare
Does Tulare county have more dairy cows than the whole Pennsylvania
Yes
Does Fresno have more cows the the whole Colorado?
Yes
What percent of US milk products and milk are made in CA
20%
What is the connection of economy of scale with livestock
Heard size increases but # of farms is decreasing
What is the economy of scale idea
The more you have of an item the cheaper you can sell it for
What the 2 common ethnicity that run dairy farms
Portuguese and Netherlands people at least 95%
Who are the 2nd largest exporter of agricultural goods in the world
The Netherlands
There’s been less liquid milk consumed but demand is still high how?
Drink less milk but eat other products that use milk
What percent of us milk products are exported to other parts of the world
10% mainly china
Are dairy cows adaptable
Yes
Do dairy cows like daily routines
Yes
are cows gregarious
Yes they like to be in groups not be by them selves
What is the 2nd most injurious job
Working with dairy bulls
Dairy vs beef cattle
Beef cattle are more lean
What is a heifer
Female that hasn’t called before
What is a cow
Female that’s calved before
What is a steer
A castrated make
What are lactating cows
Mature cows that have given birth and are in their lactating period
What are dry cows
Mature cows that are in between lactation
How long is lactation cycle
365 days( 1 yr)
How long is a cow in their dry period
60 days
What is a bull
Intact male
What where do bull calves go after birth
Sold to calf ranch
How long does a calf ranch keep bull calf’s
4 months and then they go to a feedlot
What is a tie stall
An animal is attached to a pole
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