ILE Taxonomic Classification Review (Science 8)

Vocabulary flashcards covering taxonomic classification, plant transport, digestive and circulatory and nervous system concepts.

Domain

The highest taxonomic rank used to classify organisms based on genetic differences and rRNA sequences; includes Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

Taxonomic ranks

The hierarchical levels (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species) used to categorize organisms.

Kingdom Fungi

A kingdom of organisms that absorb nutrients and have cell walls made of chitin.

Chitin

A tough polysaccharide that forms fungal cell walls.

Three-domain system

Classification grouping organisms by molecular data and rRNA into Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

Eukarya

Domain containing organisms with membrane-bound organelles; includes many multicellular forms and the greatest structural variety.

Opposable thumb

A thumb that can touch the fingertips of the other fingers, enabling grasping; a key trait of primates.

Primate

Mammal group characterized by grasping hands; typically with larger brains and forward-facing eyes.

Mammalia

Class of vertebrates that are warm-blooded, have hair, give birth to live young, and produce milk.

Stem (plant stem)

The plant organ that provides support and contains vascular tissues for transport between roots and leaves.

Xylem

Plant tissue that carries water and minerals from roots to leaves.

Phloem

Plant tissue that transports sugars throughout the plant in multiple directions.

Chloroplasts

Plant organelles that perform photosynthesis; not part of the transport system.

Small intestine

Digestive organ where most nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Large intestine

Digestive organ that absorbs water and forms feces; includes rectum and anus.

Anus

Final opening of the digestive tract through which waste is excreted.

Rectum

Last section of the large intestine that stores feces before excretion.

Mechanical digestion

Physical breakdown of food, such as chewing.

Chemical digestion

Chemical breakdown of food by enzymes into smaller molecules.

Absorption

Uptake of nutrients from the digestive tract into the bloodstream.

Digestive tract order

Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Anus.

Circulatory system

System that transports nutrients and other substances through the body; in digestion, it delivers absorbed nutrients to cells.

Nervous system

System that controls muscle movements and coordinates body activities.

Digestive system

System that breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste.

Elimination system

System that removes waste from the body (excretory processes).