medical terminology chapter 13

the male reproductive system

balan/o

glans penis

epididym/o

epididymis

orch/o ; orchi/o ; orchid/o ; test/o

testis or testicle

perine/o

perineum

sperm/o ; spermat/o

sperm (seed)

vas/o

vessel

scrotum

skin-covered pouch in the groin divided into two sacs, each containing a testis and an epididymis

testis ; testicle

one of the two male reproductive glands, located in the scrotum, that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone

sperm ; spermatozoon

male gamete or sex cell produced in the testes that unites with the oocyte in the female to produce offspring

epididymis

coiled duct on the top and at the side of the testis that stores sperm before emission

penis

erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernous) covered with skin that contains the urethra for urination and the ducts for secretion of seminal fluid (semen)

glans penis

bulging structure at the distal end of the penis

prepuce ; foreskin

loose casing that covers the glans penis ; removed by circumcision

vas deferens ; ductus deferens

duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

seminal vesicle

one of two sac-like structures behind the bladder and connected to the vas deferens on each side ; secretes an alkaline substance into the semen to enable the sperm to live longer

semen

a mixture of the secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands discharged from the male urethra during orgasm

ejactulatory duct

duct formed by the union of the ductus (vas) deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle ; its fluid is carried into the urethra

prostate gland ; prostate

trilobular gland that encircles the urethra just below the bladder and secretes an alkaline fluid into the semen

bulbourethral glands ; Cowper glands

pair of glands below the prostate, with ducts opening into the urethra, that adds a viscous (sticky) fluid to the semen

perineum

external regions between the scrotum and anus in a male and between the vulva (external genitals) and anus in a female

aspermia

inability to secrete or ejaculate sperm

azoospermia

semen without living spermatozoa ; a sign of infertility in a male

oligospermia

decreased production and expulsion of sperm

mucopurulent discharge

drainage of mucus and pus

anorchsim

absence of one or both testes

balanitis

inflammation of the glans penis

cryprochism ; cryptorchidism

undescended testicle, or failure of a tesits to descend into the scrotal sac during fetal development ; the tesits most often remains lodged in the abdomen or inguinal canal, requiring surgical repair

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

erectile dysfunction (ED)

failure to initiate or maintain an erection until ejaculation because of physical or psychological dysfunction ; formerly termed impotence

hydrocele

hernia of fluid in the testis or in the tubes leading from the testis

hypospadias

congenital abnormal opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

peyronie disease

disorder characterized by a buildup of hardened fibrous tissue in the corpus cavernous, causing pain and a defective curvature of the penis, especially during erection

phimosis

a narrowed condition of the prepuce (foreskin) resulting in its inability to be drawn over the glans penis, often leading to infection ; commonly requires circumcision

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ; benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men, causing urinary obstruction

prostate cancer

malignancy of the prostate gland

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate

spermatocele

painless, benign cystic mass containing sperm lying above and posterior to, but separate from, the testicle

testicular cancer

malignant tumor in one or both testicles commonly developing from the germ cells that produce sperm ; classified in two groups according to growth potential

seminoma

most common type of testicular tumor, composed of immature germ cells ; highly treatable with early detection

nonseminoma

testicular tumor arising from more mature germ cells ; these tumors have a tendency to be more aggressive than seminomas and often develop earlier in life ; includes choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, and yolk sac tumors

varicocele

enlarged, swollen, herniated veins near the testis

chlamydia

most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in North America ; often occurs with no symptoms and is treated only after it has spread

gonorrhea

contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membranes caused by invasion of the gonococcus Neisseria gonorrhae : the condition was named for the urethral discharge characteristic of the infection, which was first thought to be a leakage of semen

syphilis

sexually transmitted infection caused by a spirochete and which may involve any organ or tissue over time ; usually manifests first on the skin, with the appearance of small, painless, red papule that rod and form bloodless ulcers called chancres

hepatitis B virus (HBV)

virus that causes inflammation of the liver ; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood

herpes simplex virus type 2

virus that causes ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa ; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which permits various opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases ; contracted through exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid

human papilloma virus (HPV)

virus transmitted by direct sexual contact that causes an infection that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals

condyloma acuminatum ; venereal warts ; genital warts

lesion that appears as a result of human papillomavirus ; on the skin, lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts, and on mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance

biopsy (Bx)

tissue sampling used to identify neoplasia

biopsy of the prostate

needle biopsy of the prostate gland ; often performed using ultrasound guidance

testicular biopsy

biopsy of a testicle

digital rectal examination

insertion of a finger into the male rectum to palpate the rectum and prostate

prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

blood test used to screen for prostate cancer ; an elevated level of the antigen indicates the possible presence of tumor

urethrogram

x-ray of the urethra and prostate

semen analysis

study of some, including a sperm count with observation of morphology, form, and motility ; usually performed to rule out male infertility

endorectal sonogram of the prostate ; sonogram of the prostate

scan of the prostate made after introducing an ultrasonic transducer into the rectum ; also used to guide needle biopsy

circumcision

removal of the foreskin (prepuce), exposing the glans penis

epididymectomy

removal of an epididymis

orchiectomy ; orchidectomy

removal of a testicle

orchioplasty

repair of a testicle

orchiopexy

fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum

prostatectomy

removal of the prostate gland

transurethral resection of the prostate

removal of prostatic gland tissue through the urethra using a resectoscope, a specialized urologic endoscope ; common treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy (BPH)

vasectomy

removal of a segment of the vas (ductus) deferens to produce sterility in the male

vasovasostomy

restoration of the function of the vas defers to regain fertility after a vasectomy

chemotherapy

treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce

radiation therapy

treatment of neoplastic disease using radiation, usually from a cobalt source, to stop the proliferation of malignant cells

brachytherapy

radiation therapy technique involving internal implantation of radioactive isotopes, such as radioactive seeds to treat prostate cancer - localized application

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

use of a hormone to remedy a deficiency or regulate production

penile prosthesis

implantation of a device designed to provide an erection of the penis ; used to treat physical impotence

penile self-injection

intracavernosal (into the columns of penile erectile tissue) injection therapy causing an erection ; used in treatment of erectile dysfunction

BPH

benign prostatic hyperplasia ; benign prostatic hypertrophy

biopsy

BX

DRE

digital rectal examination

ED

erectile dysfunction

HBV

hepatitis B virus

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

HPV

human papillomavirus

HRT

hormone replacement therapy

HSV-2

herpes simplex virus type 2

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

STD

sexually transmitted disease

TURP

transurethral resection of the prostate