Studied by 29 people
the male reproductive system
balan/o
glans penis
epididym/o
epididymis
orch/o ; orchi/o ; orchid/o ; test/o
testis or testicle
perine/o
perineum
sperm/o ; spermat/o
sperm (seed)
vas/o
vessel
scrotum
skin-covered pouch in the groin divided into two sacs, each containing a testis and an epididymis
testis ; testicle
one of the two male reproductive glands, located in the scrotum, that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone
sperm ; spermatozoon
male gamete or sex cell produced in the testes that unites with the oocyte in the female to produce offspring
epididymis
coiled duct on the top and at the side of the testis that stores sperm before emission
penis
erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernous) covered with skin that contains the urethra for urination and the ducts for secretion of seminal fluid (semen)
glans penis
bulging structure at the distal end of the penis
prepuce ; foreskin
loose casing that covers the glans penis ; removed by circumcision
vas deferens ; ductus deferens
duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicle
one of two sac-like structures behind the bladder and connected to the vas deferens on each side ; secretes an alkaline substance into the semen to enable the sperm to live longer
semen
a mixture of the secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands discharged from the male urethra during orgasm
ejactulatory duct
duct formed by the union of the ductus (vas) deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle ; its fluid is carried into the urethra
prostate gland ; prostate
trilobular gland that encircles the urethra just below the bladder and secretes an alkaline fluid into the semen
bulbourethral glands ; Cowper glands
pair of glands below the prostate, with ducts opening into the urethra, that adds a viscous (sticky) fluid to the semen
perineum
external regions between the scrotum and anus in a male and between the vulva (external genitals) and anus in a female
aspermia
inability to secrete or ejaculate sperm
azoospermia
semen without living spermatozoa ; a sign of infertility in a male
oligospermia
decreased production and expulsion of sperm
mucopurulent discharge
drainage of mucus and pus
anorchsim
absence of one or both testes
balanitis
inflammation of the glans penis
cryprochism ; cryptorchidism
undescended testicle, or failure of a tesits to descend into the scrotal sac during fetal development ; the tesits most often remains lodged in the abdomen or inguinal canal, requiring surgical repair
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
erectile dysfunction (ED)
failure to initiate or maintain an erection until ejaculation because of physical or psychological dysfunction ; formerly termed impotence
hydrocele
hernia of fluid in the testis or in the tubes leading from the testis
hypospadias
congenital abnormal opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
peyronie disease
disorder characterized by a buildup of hardened fibrous tissue in the corpus cavernous, causing pain and a defective curvature of the penis, especially during erection
phimosis
a narrowed condition of the prepuce (foreskin) resulting in its inability to be drawn over the glans penis, often leading to infection ; commonly requires circumcision
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ; benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men, causing urinary obstruction
prostate cancer
malignancy of the prostate gland
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate
spermatocele
painless, benign cystic mass containing sperm lying above and posterior to, but separate from, the testicle
testicular cancer
malignant tumor in one or both testicles commonly developing from the germ cells that produce sperm ; classified in two groups according to growth potential
seminoma
most common type of testicular tumor, composed of immature germ cells ; highly treatable with early detection
nonseminoma
testicular tumor arising from more mature germ cells ; these tumors have a tendency to be more aggressive than seminomas and often develop earlier in life ; includes choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, and yolk sac tumors
varicocele
enlarged, swollen, herniated veins near the testis
chlamydia
most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in North America ; often occurs with no symptoms and is treated only after it has spread
gonorrhea
contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membranes caused by invasion of the gonococcus Neisseria gonorrhae : the condition was named for the urethral discharge characteristic of the infection, which was first thought to be a leakage of semen
syphilis
sexually transmitted infection caused by a spirochete and which may involve any organ or tissue over time ; usually manifests first on the skin, with the appearance of small, painless, red papule that rod and form bloodless ulcers called chancres
hepatitis B virus (HBV)
virus that causes inflammation of the liver ; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood
herpes simplex virus type 2
virus that causes ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa ; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which permits various opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases ; contracted through exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid
human papilloma virus (HPV)
virus transmitted by direct sexual contact that causes an infection that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals
condyloma acuminatum ; venereal warts ; genital warts
lesion that appears as a result of human papillomavirus ; on the skin, lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts, and on mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance
biopsy (Bx)
tissue sampling used to identify neoplasia
biopsy of the prostate
needle biopsy of the prostate gland ; often performed using ultrasound guidance
testicular biopsy
biopsy of a testicle
digital rectal examination
insertion of a finger into the male rectum to palpate the rectum and prostate
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
blood test used to screen for prostate cancer ; an elevated level of the antigen indicates the possible presence of tumor
urethrogram
x-ray of the urethra and prostate
semen analysis
study of some, including a sperm count with observation of morphology, form, and motility ; usually performed to rule out male infertility
endorectal sonogram of the prostate ; sonogram of the prostate
scan of the prostate made after introducing an ultrasonic transducer into the rectum ; also used to guide needle biopsy
circumcision
removal of the foreskin (prepuce), exposing the glans penis
epididymectomy
removal of an epididymis
orchiectomy ; orchidectomy
removal of a testicle
orchioplasty
repair of a testicle
orchiopexy
fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum
prostatectomy
removal of the prostate gland
transurethral resection of the prostate
removal of prostatic gland tissue through the urethra using a resectoscope, a specialized urologic endoscope ; common treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy (BPH)
vasectomy
removal of a segment of the vas (ductus) deferens to produce sterility in the male
vasovasostomy
restoration of the function of the vas defers to regain fertility after a vasectomy
chemotherapy
treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
radiation therapy
treatment of neoplastic disease using radiation, usually from a cobalt source, to stop the proliferation of malignant cells
brachytherapy
radiation therapy technique involving internal implantation of radioactive isotopes, such as radioactive seeds to treat prostate cancer - localized application
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
use of a hormone to remedy a deficiency or regulate production
penile prosthesis
implantation of a device designed to provide an erection of the penis ; used to treat physical impotence
penile self-injection
intracavernosal (into the columns of penile erectile tissue) injection therapy causing an erection ; used in treatment of erectile dysfunction
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia ; benign prostatic hypertrophy
biopsy
BX
DRE
digital rectal examination
ED
erectile dysfunction
HBV
hepatitis B virus
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HPV
human papillomavirus
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
HSV-2
herpes simplex virus type 2
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
STD
sexually transmitted disease
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
