World History H Midterms

She was the disliked queen of France whose nickname was “Madame Deficit”

Marie Antoinette

People swore to continue meeting until they create a new constitution for France

Tennis Court Oath

He was the leader of the committee of public safety

Robespierre

The national assembly created this new form of government for france

a constitutional monarchy that limited the powers of the king and established a representative government.

The killing of thousands of prisoners in a single month because Frenchmen feared the incoming foreign troops would free them

is known as the September Massacres.

The name for the social and political system that existed in France before the revolution

is known as the Old Régime.

This was the name for the “true Frenchmen” they were radical; and they led the september massacres

sans-culottes

The legislative Assembly declared war on this country

Austria

The new government after the reign of terror which was overthrown by Napoleon

directory

this name refers to the panic in the countryside that helped spread the rebellion after the fall of the Bastille

Great Fear

Who was the king during the 1st stage of the French Revolution

Louis XVI

although the storming of the Bastille is celebrated as the “start of the French Revolution”, what was the official first act of revolution

third estate declaring itself the national assembly

in france’s old order, who was apart of the bourgeoisie

wealthy merchants, lawyers, and professionals

the women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to

move to pair; sign the Declaration of Rights

Why did Louis XVI call the meeting of the Estates-General in 1789?

The French government was nearly bankrupt

the declaration of the rights of man and citizenship guaranteed

security of property

which of the following changed during the deChristianization of France

the calendar - year, months, and days

the national assembly’s efforts to reorganize the Catholic church resulted in

peasants no longer supporting the revolution

louis attempted escape to Austria changed the course of the revolution because it

gave growth to the radicals

who were the most vocal supporters of the French revolution

bourgeoisie

which goal was not stated in the slogan of the revolution

justice

why was the committee of public Safety established

to combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion

during the reign of terror, who was safe from the guillotine

no one

about what percentage of France’s population belonged to the third estate

97%

what issue arose after the king called for the estates-general to meet

how many votes each estate would get

this was invented to further humane goals, though often used in contradiction to such goals

guillotine

in the early stage of the revolution, most members of the third estate advocated for

a limited/constitutional monarchy

these were there reactionaries who fled France in hopes that when they returned the Revolution would be overturned

emigres

what is an accurate description of the tax system in France in the year s leading up to the French revoluion

the members of the third estate paid almost all of the taxes

arthur young describes in his diary the following complaints among frenchmen

high price of bread, feeble-minded king, the want of liberty

the seizure of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 was important because it

represented a successful attack on the Old Regime and saved the National Assembly

other European countries

were fearful that revolutionary ideas would spread

what is the order of government of France

absolute monarchy, legislative assembly, national convention, directory

causes of French revolution

high taxes for the third estate, the prices of bread too high, ideas of the enlightenment, estate system, louis/Marie, and debt

goals of the French revolution

• to give more power to all of the people in france

• equality through multiple different topics,such as speech and natural rights

  • fair prices and taxes

clergy

First Estate

1% of population

doesn’t want changes

nobility

Second Estate

2% of population

pays barley any taxes

bourgeois, workers of the cities, peasants

Third Estate

97% of population

pay lots of taxes

liked the idea of the enlightenment

this is the idea that people should be loyal to their nation, rather that to their king

nationalism

this German phrase is used to describe tough power politics with no room for idealism

realpolitik

the “eastern question” concerned the fate of this empire

the ottoman empire

during the age of revolutions, this country was the only one to have a successful revolution

greece

this was the term for forced assimilation in russia; meant to unify the empire, it actually led to an increase in ethnic nationalist feelings

Russification

he was most responsible for the birth of germany

Bismarck

these regional strongmen came to power in Latin American countries; they ruled by military force and were supported by the elites due to difficulties of nation building

caudillos

a closely knit group of people who share a common culture, but not common territory is known as a

nation

during the 1800s nationalism can influence

groups uniting against and oppressive monarchy

an empire that crumbles into independent stages

an empire granting long-needed social reforms

what can hold a nation-state together

culture

history

language

territory

nationality

religion

bismarck’s success in unifying Germany while defying prussia’s parliament suggests

nationalism was stronger than liberalism

the liberators of Venezuela and Argentina were

simon Bolivar and Jose de San martin

the independence movement in Latin America was spearheaded in large part by

the creoles

After the nations of latin america gained their independence in the 19th ce., their economics became dominated by the 

British

In the 19th century latin america

Creately frequently opposed both the peninsulares and the peasants and the first mexican revolution had significant mass support which caused creoles and peninsulares to unity to crush the peasants

How were the reevolution of 1848 and 2011 similar 

Both relied on the latest technology to spread ideas

Which of the following statements regarding nations and staties is correct

Some states can overlap multiple nations 

Nationalism

Was used by both conservatives and liberals to gain support for the polices

How were the unification of italy and germany similar

Both used military forces to unify various territories

How successful were the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 

Not very successful

The policies of bismarck

Ignored domestic opposition and concentrated on foreign affairs

What were some results of the franco-russian war

Louis Napoleon made himself emperor of the third republic

The French suffered a military and political humiliation

The loss of territory (alsace loraine)created a desire fo revengeance on the part of the French

With which of the following statements would Bismarck probably not agree

A ruler should be violate the constitution his or her country

By 1871 there was a shift in power in Europe, which nation chanted

Prussia became germany

In what did the french revolution of 1848 result

More revolutions through europe

Which of the following is most responsible for the re-establishment of authoritarian regimes in European countries after the revolution of 1848

Failure of revolutionaries to stay united

The main reason why france declared war on germany to begin the franco-prussian war was 

Because Bismarck altered a telegram which insulted the French

Results of the Crimean war

Revealed the strength of the ottomans to the british and french

Who was the military leader of the rRed shirts and Italian unifications

Giuseppe Garibaldi

What is nationalism

Has two definitions, It is the idea of being royal to your nation, not the king or emperor. The other definition is with excessive pride in love's country. One root is everyone being born equal as they come together to fight about a leader they have. Some benefits include it can help bring the people through protests, it can get rid of oppressive rulers, and it could bring a democratic government, But, some disadvantages include competition between countries could start wars.

What are the differences between a nation, nation state, and a state

A nation is a group of people, larger than a tribe who have similar characteristics and culture, A state is a country that has visible geographical borders, it has its own government, it is shown as a country by the rest of the world, a nation-state is when a state is represented by a nation . For this to be possible, at least 670% of the population has to be a part of the Thai nation. THey are limited because of globalization and immigration. The bonds that hold a nation-state together are language, history, culture, nationality, religion and territory.

Land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship: the necessary resources to industrialize

Natural resources

In which the government (public) owns the factors of production

Socialism

This country  became europe’s industrial giant after great britain

Germany

New type of business owned by stockholders who share in its products but are not personally responsible for its debts

Corporation

The idea/phrase that means “no government involvement”; key phrase of capitalism

Laizze-faire

The name for the industrial working class in the communist manifesto

Prolitaniet

First area of production to undergo major industrialization in most countries

Textile industry

An association of workers which engages inc collective bargaining in tis  fight for high er wages, better working conditions and hours

union 

Spokesperson for communism

Marx

Reasons why the industrial revolution test began in england

Increased and cheaper food supply allowed people to spend money on consumer goods

The large population served as a labor source and as a market for newly made goods

England had natural resources and a strong banking system

Continental European industrialization

Began in belgium, france, and the german states

According to marx and engles

The modern bourgeoisie had been created by recent industrial events

Between 1815 and 1850, which of the following was not one the three major centers in which industrial revolution developed on the European continent

Italy

Marx claimed that 

The state,in the 1800s and earlier, was a way by which the ruling class imposed its will

How did the philosophy of capitalism influence early industrialist 

With ideas of a free market government by natural laws, not government rules

Britain's factory act of 1833

Reduced the number of children working in factoriesWhich of the following statements is true

Which of the following statements is true

Communism is complete socialism where the people own all property and no private property exists

When the union movement began in brian, the strike was an illegal action take against

Factory owned by union workers

What did not improve as a result of the industrial revolution

Preservation of the environment

What was the industrial revolution

An increase in machine-,made goods beginning in england during the `1700s

The crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the agricultural revolution increased crops yields

By increasing nutrients in the soil and the area in which crops grew

How did the enclosure movement contribute to the rise of industrialization

By forcing small farmers off the land creating a surplus of available labor for factories in urban areas

How did landowners and aristocrats view realty members of the middle class

Looked down upon them as “new money”

Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution

Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities

enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners

Landowner experimented with new agricultural methods

Which of the following is an example of a reform movement during this time

Abolition of slavery

Women's rights

Public education

What was a worldwide impact of industrialization

It was driving force behind imperialism

Which of the following was a legislative reform in the 1800s

In England, it became illegal to hire children under the age of nine

The mines act prevented women and children from working underground

The ten hours act said that women and children could not work more than 10 hrs. a day

compare and contrast the idea of Smith and marx

borth are related to the industrial revolution, and neither one of them thinks the government should be involved

explain the spread of the industrial revolution

started in england, in the mid 1700s. it than spread to multiple location including France, Us, Belgium, and Germany. The us was spread there because Sumel Slarks snuck off from Britain, memorizing how to make a machine.

people smuggled ideas

those countries had the factors of production

other countries were eliminated because of wards and lack of

imperalism

the seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country

multiple kids of imperialism

industrialization made Europeans want to go out and take over other regions of the world

what were the causes of imperalism

nationalism

economic completion

racism

missionary impulse