Health Science Midterm Study Guide

who provides quality care rather than just doing a job

nursing assistants

who does an LA provide care to

a resident

the most important role on a health care team

the LNA

what does a health care team consist of?

members who have different training and experience to provide care

* examples: resident, registered nurse, doctor, physical therapist, medical Social Worker ect

what are the OBRA regulations of 1987

laws that help stop poor care and abuse in long term care facilities

* nursing assistants require 75 hours of training, take classes to learn skills/sets requirements for training

==what are the principles of care==

privacy, safety , dignity, infection control, care, independence

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What an LNA is allowed to do?

anything in her skill range

* bathing, feeding, dressing

How is behavior influenced?

medication, disease, past

What are the stages of human growth and development?

* infancy (0-12 months)


* toddler (1-3)
* preschool (3-5)
* School (5-10)
* pre adolescence (10-12)
* adolescence (12-18)
* you adult (18-40)
* middle adulthood (40-65)
* late adulthood (65+)

What are the elements of communication?

sending a message , receiving a message, providing feedback

How do you deal with patients behavioral Issues?

stay calm, notify the nurse, Keep others safe:

\-If necessary; Set up a care plan

What do you do when walking into a blind residents room?

identify yourself, use imaginary clock, do not move furniture

How are health care decisions made?

made based off family, LNA's input on how they function

What are some legal Issues that affect LNA's?

code of ethics, residents rights, labIlity

What was the law congress passed in 1991?

the patient self- determination act - requires health care agencies receiving funds to give info on rights relating to advanced directives

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==HIPPA?==

Who should residents complain to?

LNA who can then tell the nurse

What are basic physical needs for life?

food, water, shelter, sleep, activity , comfort

What is an open ended question?

a question that requires more than a "yes" or "no" answer

==What are bridges in communication?==

What is subjective reporting?

information that is opinion based/symptoms

Why is pain the most unreported symptom among the elderly?

everyone deals with pain a different way, some people don't want to express that they are in pain

Where do nursing assistant records?

On an ADL or flow sheet- document all care plan

How do you control the spread of disease?

By washing you hands

What are bloodborne pathogens?

* microorganisms in blood that can cause in an infection
* transmitted when infected blood enters the blood stream

Where are germs found?

everywhere

What is direct contact?

a way pathogen are transmitted through touch of the infect person or areas

When should you wash your hands?

* arriving at work
* when hands are soiled
* before+after contact with residents
* before putting on gloves ~~+~~ after taking them off

What are biohazard wastes?

a box to place sharps after use such as razors, needles and other sharp objects

What is the use and risk of restraints?

use- restrict falls, keep people from hurting themselves, keep confused people from wandering

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risks- injuries, reduced blood circulation, constipation, dehydration

what do if a fire alarm goes off?

remove anyone in dander, activate call 911, contain the fire by closing door and windows, extinguish the fire

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* PASS- Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

What to do if you're transferring a patient and and his legs let go and he begins to fall?

lower him slowly to the ground and wait until leg is ready to move

who do you to take rectal temperature on?

someone who is unconscious, missing teeth, difficulty breathing, has been vomiting

About vital signs

measurement that monitor the function of the bodies organs

* body temp, pulse, respirations, blood pressure
* the first sign someone is ill may be a change in vital signs

Proper body mechanics

techniques that prevent injury- alignment, base of support, center of gravity

* Keep back straight, bend at knees, keep wide stance, and keep objects close to body

about the effects of limited activity

constipation, UTI, blood clots, pressure injuries, contractures

Normal range of vital signs:

* pulse (60-100)
* respiration (12-20)
* BP (90-119/60-79)
* mouth (97.6-99.6)
* rectum (98.6-100.6)
* armpit (96.6-98.6)
* forhead (97.2- 100.1)
* ear (96.6- 99.7)

about decubitus

Which areas of the body is \#1 for breaking down when on bed rest?

skin

How to position a patient?

change positions help prevent pressure injuries- change very 2 hours

* supine (on back), lateral (side), prone (on stomach), fowlers (semi-sitting), sims (left side with lower arm below back and leg toward chest)

About good mouth care

brushing teeth, tongue, gums, flossing, caring for lips and dentures

What to keep in mind when a patient dresses after their care?

let them so as much as possible + let them have enough time and let them choose their clothing

Why a person should bathe?

to promote dignity and to stay clean and increase circulation

What are safety issues during bathing?

wet floors, slipper tub, electrical appliances out, leaving the resident alone

Order of PPE application

gown, mask, goggles, gloves

Order of PPE removal

gloves, goggles, gown, mask

What is the use of ROM exercises?

* used to prevent contractures
* start with upper part of the body before moving to the lower body

What is abduction?

* moving a body part away from the midline of the body

What do you do when transferring a patient without using a mechanical life?

* use proper body mechanics, move the stronger side first

What is the food pyramid?

visual representation of how different foods and drinks contribute towards a healthy balanced diet.

How do you record intake of meals?

by percentage of how much was eaten- intake+ output chart

What do you do when someone voids?

observe if its cloudy, dark, strong smelling and it it causes pain to the resident

@@what precautions should be taken when a patient has Foley catheter?@@

about peri care

clean from front to back

use small amount of soap + clean cloths

how do you collect a urine specimen?

have the resident void into a bedpan and have container with a lid ready for when you need it

about CHF and IDDM

* congestive heart failure- when the heart fails to pump effectively
* right side - weakness, edema in ankles, irregular heartbeat
* left side - coughing, rapid pulse, orthopnea (shortness of breath)

==What is the purpose of heat application?==

What is HIV?

* human immunodeficiency

virus -damages/destroys cells

* can be harmful to NA’s if an contact with contaminated body fluids

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

* an incurable disease that causes buildup of never cells in the brain
* mild, moderate, severe - approach from front, use you name + theirs, don’t take things personally

How do you handle mealtime with some with dementia?

use cues to help with eating, allow time to chew, and place food and drink within reach

What are the stages of death?

* low blood pressure, dyspnea, loss of feeling, loss of vision and confusion

What are some responsibilities of a Home Health Aid when doing home care?

* personal care, clean, cook and do laundry

==What are the most important principles of care?==

How do you be a team member?

report to team leader throughout the day, be professional and be trustworthy

How do you care for an elderly resident?

@@help with needs, provide safety, observe + repot to@@