CMT - ch 10 Musculoskeletal Sytem

oste/o

bone

arthr/o

joint

my/o

muscle

chondr/o

cartilage

carp/o

wrist bones

femor/o

femur

isch/i

ischium

pub/o

pubis

stern/o

sternum

spondyl/o

vertebra, spine, vertebral column

dystrophy

abnormal development

humer/o

humerus

necr/o

death (of tissue)

\-malacia

softening

\-asthenia

weakness

\-desis

binding/fusion

\-schisis

split/fissure

myalgia

muscle pain

arthralgia

joint pain

bradykinesia

slow movement

atrophy

without development (process of wasting away)

hypertrophy

excessive development

osteomalacia

softening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency

osteonecrosis

death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply

scoliosis

lateral curvature of the spine

kyphosis

excessive curvature of the thoracic spine

lordosis

excessive inward curvature of the spine

chondromalacia

softening and deterioration of the cartilage

bursitis

inflammation of the bursa

gout

form of arthritis due to accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints.

EMG

Electromyogram, a record of electrical activity of the muscle.

MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

PT / OT

Physical / Occupational Therapy.

bone

organ made up of hard connective tissue with a dense outer layer and spongy inner layer

carpal

pertaining to the wrist

electromyogram (EMG)

record of the electrical activity of the muscle

bursectomy

excision of the bursa

bone marrow

Material found in the cavities of bones; red marrow is responsible for blood cell formation, and yellow marrow serves as a storehouse for fat

cartilage

A flexible connective tissue found in various forms throughout the body, including joints, ribs, and the nose; it provides support and cushioning.

ilium

Upper wing-shaped part on each side of the pelvis

ischium

lower posterior portion of the pelvis on which one sits

joint

structure forming the union between bones and often allowing for movement

ligament

flexible, tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach one bone to another bone at a joint

muscle

tissue composed of specialized cells with the ability to contract to produce movement

pubis

anterior portion of pelvis

sternum

long, flat bone attached to the collarbone and first seven ribs, forming the center front of the chest wall (also called the breastbone)

tendon

band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

carpectomy

excision of a wrist bone

vertebral column

consists of 33 individual vertebrae that provide structural support to the body and protect the spinal cord.

dyskinesia

painful movement

chondrectomy

excision of cartilage

dual x-ray absorption (DXA)

a low-radiation imaging technique used to measure bone mineral density and assess the risk of fractures.

burs/o

bursa (sac of fluid near joint)

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull or cranium

ili/o

ilium

femoral

pertaining to the femur

kinesi/o

movement, motion

kyph/o

hump (thoracic spine)

lord/o

bent forward (lumbar spine)

necr/o

death

rachi/o

vertebra, spine, vertebral column

scoli/o

crooked, curved (spine)

ten/o, tendin/o

tendon

troph/o

development

phalang/o

phalanges (finger/toe bones)

vertebr/o

vertebra

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

a condition caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel, leading to pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand and wrist.

Muscular dystrophy (MD)

a genetic disorder characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet.

Osteoarthritis (OA)

a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and underlying bone, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

Spinal stenosis

a condition where the spinal canal narrows, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves, often leading to pain and mobility issues.

Plantar fasciitis

A common cause of heel pain characterized by inflammation of the plantar fascia, which can result from excessive running or walking.

Osteoporosis

a condition characterized by weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures, often associated with aging and hormonal changes.

Lyme disease

An inflammatory disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted through tick bites, which can affect the musculoskeletal system, leading to joint pain and swelling.

Hernia

A condition where an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place.

Fracture (Fx)

A break in bone continuity that can result from trauma, osteoporosis, or underlying pathology. Common types include complete, incomplete, closed, and open fractures.

Herniated disk

rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots

iliac

pertaining to the ilium

iliofemoral

pertaining to the ilium and femur

intervertebral

pertaining to between the vertebrae

hypertrophic

pertaining to excessive development

Arthritis

inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain and stiffness that can worsen with age.

Osteomalacia

a condition characterized by the softening of bones due to a vitamin D deficiency, leading to increased risk of fractures.

Osteonecrosis

a condition characterized by the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply, often resulting in pain and decreased mobility.

Scoliosis

A lateral curvature of the spine that can occur in childhood and may require treatment to prevent complications.

Kyphosis

A condition characterized by an excessive curvature of the thoracic spine, leading to a hunchback appearance and potential back pain.

Lordosis

a condition characterized by an excessive inward curvature of the spine, often observed in the lumbar region.

Chondromalacia

a condition characterized by the softening and deterioration of the cartilage on the underside of the kneecap, often leading to pain and inflammation.

Gout

a form of arthritis characterized by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to sudden and severe episodes of pain, swelling, and redness, commonly affecting the big toe.

NM

Nuclear Medicine

Arthrogram

radiographic image of a joint

Arthroscopy

visual exam of a joint

arthroscopic

pertaining to visual examination of a joint

Arthroplasty

joint repair

Arthrocentesis

puncture to remove joint fluid

Arthrodesis

joint fusion

Bursotomy

incision into a bursa

Vertebroplasty

vertebra repair

Phalangectomy

phalanx removal