AP Psychology - Motivation, Emotion, Personality

instincts

innate, fixed patterns of behavior driving organisms to act in predictable ways

drive-reduction theory

behavior is motivated by the need to reduce internal drives such as hunger or thirst to maintain homeostasis

Ghrelin

A hormone produced when the stomach is empty to stimulate hunger

Lectin

A hormone produced when the stomach is full to inhibit hunger

belongingness

the innate human desire to form close and meaningful bonds with others (romantic and platonic)

arousal theory

people are motivated to maintain certain levels of arousal to a point

Yerkes-Dodson law

performance increases with arousal to a point

sensation seeking theory

the theory that some people are motivated by the desire to have new, varied, and/or novel experiences

adventure seeking

seeking new and challenging experiences

disinhibition

a tendency to seek out riskier or more thrilling experiences, often in social contexts

boredom susceptibility

the tendency to become easily bored and seek stimulation through new experiences

incentive theory

people are motivated by the rewards they receive when finished

self-determination theory

people are motivated by either intrensic (internal) or extrensic (external) rewards

intrinsic motivations

motivation to do something that comes from inside the mind, such as personal satisfaction or fulfillment.

extrensic motivations

motivation to do something because of external factors/rewards, such as praise or physical incentives such as money

Lewins motivational conflicts theory

the internal conflict people have when making decisions

approach-approach conflicts

a choice between two good options

avoidance-avoidance conflicts

a choice between two bad options

approach-avoidance conflicts

a choice where each options rears good and bad results

emotions

a feeling that involves our thoughts, bodily reactions, and actions.

influenced by what happens inside and around us.

elicitors

stimuli that trigger an emotinal response

arousal comes before emotion

(James-Lange Theory)

A theory that the mind reacts before the body does

facial-feedback hypothesis

facial expressions influence emotions

arousal and emotion occur simultaneously

(Cannon-Bard Theory)

mind and body work at the same time when it comes to emotions

arousal + cognitive label = emotion

(Schachter-Singer Theory)

the mind interprets bodily reactions as emotions

broaden-and-build theory of emotion

positive emotions help us think broadly/openly

negative emotions make us think narrowly

universal emotions

certain emotions are universal amongst different cultures

display rules

cultural norms dictate when, where, and how we express our emotions

James-Lange Theory

arousal comes before emotion

Cannon-Bard Theory

arousal and emotion occur simultaneously

Schachter-Singer Theory

arousal + cognitive label = emotion