LAS 1 (PPT)

• MEASURING TYPE

• REACTION TYPE

• VESSEL TYPE

• SEPARATION TYPE

• SOLID CLAMP TYPE

• HEATING TYPE

• MATCHING TYPE

CLASSIFICATIONS OF LABORATORY APPARATUS & EQUIPMENTS

PIPETTE

• Increments marked along the tube

• It is made from plastic or glass tube & has a tapered tip

• Accurately measure & transfer a volume of liquid from one container

BURETTE

• A long, graduated glass tube with a stopcock at its lower end and a tapered capillary tube at the stopcock’s outlet.

• Used in quantitative chemical analysis to measure and deliver known volumes of a liquid, especially for titrations.

ANALYTICAL BALANCE

• A type of balance in which the measuring pan is inside a transparent enclosure with doors so that the dust does not collect and so any air currents in the room do not affect the balance’s operation.

• Designed to measure small mass in the submilligram range.

LABORATORY THERMOMETER

• A graduated glass tube with a bulb containing a liquid, typically mercury or colored alcohol, that expands and rises in the tube as the temperature increases.

• Used for measuring temperatures other than the human body temperature. Designed for lab purposes such as checking boiling point, freezing point, or temperature of other substances.

GRADUATED CYLINDER

• Also known as measuring cylinder or mixing cylinder.

• It has a narrow cylindrical shape with graduated lines. Each marked line represents the amount of liquid that has been measured.

• Used to measure the volume of a liquid.

TEST TUBE

• A finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top and closed at the bottom.

• Used to hold small amounts of material for laboratory testing and experiments

BEAKER

• A cylindrical container with a flat bottom and has a small spout to aid pouring

• Used to hold liquids or solid samples to observe chemical reaction. It is also used to catch liquids from filtrations and filtrates from filtering operations.

• It is generally used to store, heat, and mix chemicals.

VOLUMETRIC FLASK

• A laboratory flask calibrated to contain a precise volume at certain temperature.

• Used for precise dilutions and preparation of standard solutions.

ERLENMEYER FLASK

• A laboratory flask which features a flat bottom, a conical body, and a cylindrical neck.

• Used to hold and measure chemical liquid samples. It can also be used to mix, heat, and boil chemicals.

FLORENCE FLASK

• A laboratory flask with a round body, a long neck, and often a flat bottom.

• It is designed for uniform heating, boiling, distillation, and ease of swirling.

REAGANT BOTTLES

• Containers made of glass, plastic, borosilicate or related substances and topped by special caps or stoppers.

• Intended to contain chemicals in liquid or powder form for laboratories and stored in cabinets or shelves

VIALS

• Small glass or plastic vessels or bottles.

• Used to contain or store small amounts of chemical substances

WASH BOTTLE

• A squeeze bottle with a nozzle which is sealed with a screw-top lid.

• Used to rinse various pieces of laboratory glassware or other apparatus.

PETRI DISH

• A shallow, circular, glass or plastic dish with a loose-fitting cover over the top and sides

• Used to hold growth medium in which cells can be cultured.

• It is used to culture bacteria and other microorganisms.

DESSICATOR

• A container or a glass jar fitted with an airtight cover and containing at the bottom a desiccant such as calcium chloride.

• Used to preserve moisture-sensitive items such as cobalt chloride paper for another use. It is used to protect chemicals which are hygroscopic or which react with water from humidity

GLASS FUNNEL

• A conical material having a small hole or narrow tube at the apex.

• Used to channel the flow of a substance and filtration.

SEPARATORY FUNNEL

• A glass and pear-shaped funnel with a stopper and stopcock.

• Used in liquid-liquid extractions to separate the components of a mixture into two immiscible solvent phases of different densities.

BUCHNER FUNNEL

• Traditionally made or porcelain but glass or plastic funnels are also available. On top of the funnel shaped part there is a cylinder with a fritted glass disc/perforated plate separating it from the funnel.

• Used to filter or separate a liquid from a solid.

CONDENSER

• A long, circular glass tube. Inside the tube there is another smaller tube. The hot gas goes through the smaller tube while in the outside one, cold water goes around.

• Used to cool hot gases into liquids. It is used in distillation and reflux processes.

FILTER PAPER

• A semi-permeable paper barrier.

• Used to separate fine solid particles from liquids or gases. It is placed perpendicular to a liquid or air flow.

IRON STAND

• A metal rod attached to a heavy metal base. The heavy base keeps the stand stable and the vertical metal rod allows for easy height adjustment of the iron ring/clamp

• Supports the iron ring when heating substances or mixtures in a flask or beaker (using a heating equipment) or holding glassware.

IRON RING/ RING CLAMP

• Comprises of a conjoined metal ring and radiallyextending rod. In some cases, the rod terminates in a screw clamp for attachment to a retort stand or other support.

• Used to support apparatus such as flasks, beaker, funnels, wire gauze, clay triangle, crucible, and evaporating dish. It is used to raise equipment above the work surface and placed in an iron stand to elevate the other equipment.

UNIVERSAL/ EXTENSION CLAMP

• A metal rod with clamp with 2 or 3-pronged with rubber-coated jaws.

• Allow placement of apparatus at various distances from the frame or rod. Versatile in setting up distillation or other laboratory equipment.

CLAMP HOLDER

• A clamp fastener which is composed of metal screws.

• Used to secure laboratory clamps or other attachments to a ring stand or lab frame.

FUNNEL SUPPORT

• Furnished with a metal clamp for attaching to a ring stand designed to accept up to four funnels.

• Support or hold funnels especially in simultaneous filtration processes.

WATER STEAM/ BATH

• A round flat-bottomed, stainless-steel container that’s filled with water to be heated. It is designed with convenient steam escape outlet & durable handles includes removable concentric rings

• used to securely hold & heat flask or beakers containing volatile or flammable substances

EVAPORATING DISH

• A shallow usually lipped vessel that is usually made of porcelain

• Used to evaporate solutions & supernatant liquids to produce a concentrated solution or a solid ppt of the dissolved substance

LABORATORY CASSEROLE

• A ceramic handled evaporating dish

• Used to evaporate solutions & supernatant liquids. It provides good chemical & high temperature resistance

CRUCIBLE WITH COVER

• A small ceramic dish used in conjunction with a loose-fitting lid made of similar material

• Contain chemical compounds when heated to extremely high temps

DISTILLING FLASK

• A flask designed with a distillation column in the form of a long neck, a side arm that facilitates condensation & round bottom for uniform heat distribution

• Used to separate mixture of two liquids with different boiling points

GLASS TUBING

• Made from carefully-cut pieces of hollow tubes.

• Connect other items of glassware or equipment and to convey or deliver chemicals, solvents, liquids, gases and other products.

RUBBER TUBING

• Hollow synthetic and natural rubber channels or flow lines.

• Used to transfer or dispense liquids and gases.

RUBBER PLUGS

• A rubber stopper for plugging joints or holes in laboratory glassware.

• Used to seal the openings of flasks or test tubes. It is preferable to be used as a stopper that requires a tighter seal or a greater degree of chemical resistance.

BULB ASPIRATOR/ RUBBER BULB

• A squeezable, bulb-shaped rubber which comes in different sizes and colors.

• Serves as a vacuum source for filling reagents through a pipette and also help to control the flow of liquid from the dropping bottle.

STOPCOCK

• A form of valve which comes in different types.

• Used to control the flow of liquid or gas. The valve is designed to completely stop the flow when closed fully

• Inspect before use.

• Handle properly.

• Know the limits.

• Rods, tubes, and pipettes.

• Label it.

• Keep it clean.

PROPER HANDLING OF EQUIPMENTS & APPARATUS