PSYC 1100 Exam #2 Experiments/Tests

What is classical conditioning?

A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, leading to a conditioned response.

What experiment did Pavlov conduct?

An experiment on dogs' salivation reflex, where dogs learned to salivate to a ticking metronome associated with food.

What was the outcome of the Little Albert Experiment?

A baby learned to fear a rat by associating it with a loud, uncomfortable sound.

What does the Looking Time Study measure?

It measures infant cognition by observing how long infants look at images, indicating their ability to distinguish changes.

What does the Baby Sucking Rate Study demonstrate?

It shows that infants can distinguish sounds based on their sucking rate, which reflects their interest in certain sounds.

How does a newborn's cry melody relate to language?

Newborns' cry melodies are shaped by the speech prosody of their native language.

What did the Transitional Probabilities in Language study reveal?

7-8-month-old babies can segment words by identifying which syllables commonly occur together in an artificial language.

What is the Violation of Expectation method?

A method to study infant cognition by showing them impossible events, which they look at longer than possible events.

What did the Baillargeon Lab study show about infants?

It showed that infants as young as 3 months understand that tall objects cannot hide behind shorter ones.

What was found in the Wynn Lab regarding infant arithmetic?

Babies as young as 6 months old show an understanding of basic arithmetic.

What did Judy Deloache's study on representation demonstrate?

A 2.5-year-old child could find a hidden toy in a life-sized room after being told it was an expanded version of a small room.

What is the False Belief Task in the context of child development?

An experiment where children must understand that others can hold beliefs that differ from reality, as shown in the Maxi and the Chocolate scenario.

What did the Harlow Study reveal about attachment?

Baby monkeys preferred the comfort of a cloth mother over a wire mother that provided food, highlighting the importance of comfort in attachment.

What does the Infant Persistence Study indicate?

Infants who observe adults persist in achieving goals are more likely to try harder on new tasks themselves.

What was the outcome of the Day Care Study regarding motivation?

Introducing fines for late pickups transformed intrinsic motivation into extrinsic motivation, leading to increased lateness.

What did Dr. Arielle Baskin-Sommers' study on psychopaths reveal about fear response?

Psychopaths show less activity in the amygdala and do not respond typically to common fear factors, but can respond to specific threats.

What did the Regret Response study find about psychopaths?

Psychopaths can show retrospective regret but do not let it inform their future decisions, indicating low prospective regret.

What does the Sally Anne Task assess?

It assesses a child's ability to take the perspective of others, relevant to their Theory of Mind.

What was the Minnesota Starvation Experiment?

A study that monitored changes in men during semi-starvation, revealing symptoms similar to anorexia nervosa.

What did the Suspension Bridge Experiment demonstrate about attraction?

Men approached on a high, wobbly bridge misattributed physiological arousal from fear as attraction to a female experimenter.

What did the Glass and Singer study find about perceived control and stress?

Believing one can control a stressor, even if not possible, can significantly reduce stress levels.

What was the effect of fart spray on moral judgments?

The presence of fart spray led participants to rationalize irrational behaviors, suggesting disgust can influence moral judgments.

What did the prosocial games study reveal about children's behavior?

Younger children behaved selfishly, while older children preferred to remove inequality when allocating resources.

What does the marshmallow challenge measure?

It measures delayed gratification, with preschool performance correlating to better self-control and SAT scores later in life.

What did the Pencil in Mouth/Power Pose studies investigate?

They explored whether physical expressions could induce emotions, with mixed results indicating failed tests.

What is the Gaze Task in psychopathy research?

A task requiring attention to both eye gaze and facial expression, revealing that individuals with psychopathy focus more on gaze and not the emotional expression

What is the Reversal Task in psychopathy studies?

A task testing participants' ability to adapt to changing rules related to earning and losing money.

What does the Context Discrimination Task assess?

It assesses the ability to integrate peripheral information, with individuals with psychopathy typically failing to do so.