post modernism

borden

youth subculture made up of youths who share the same hobby of skateboarding

skaters are loosely associated with low commitment, and status was mostly gained through skating ability.

neo tripe. example of how youth subcultures are changing and how they have changed from being based on social class, gender or ethnicity.

muggleton

contemporary subcultures are no longer as physically motivated

found less defined boundaries between members, a weaker sense of commitment

greater variety styles adopted within a group and a greater emphasis on style than belief

back

hybrid identities emerging among young people

these young people are in a transitional stage where they have the freedom and opportunity to construct new identities.

inter racial friend groups and a great deal of cultural borrowing from other groups

such as language and interest in reggae, soul, hip hop, rap, house

nayak

done

thornton

argues that youths now take an individual palsied approach to style and identity and are likely to make decisions which vary from eachother

studied clubbing culture and found that people use a pic n mix approach, choosing random elements which make a mis matched identity

only thing ravers shared was music taste

blackman

strong critique of post modern approach

by choosing to focus on subcultures like clubbing, researchers are ignoring politically active subcultures that exist.

suggests Thornton has failed to see that there is a political angle to even these subcultures

katz

done this

polhemus

supermarket of style to show that youth styles and fluid and young people can choose from a range of different fashions, music tastes and identities etc

infinite choice which leads to a blending and rehashing of styles, no longer distinctive subcultures like ‘goths’ or ‘punks’