unit 3.1-3.6 AP psych

zygote

the fertilized egg

embryo

the human organism from 2 weeks to 2 months

fetus

the organism from 9 weeks to birth

teratogens

substances that can cause developmental abnormalities in a fetus. They include drugs, alcohol, and certain infections.

fetal alcohol syndrome

a syndrome that occurs when mothers drink during pregnancy and results in physical and cognitive malfunctions in the baby.

Rooting Reflex

an instinctive response where infants turn their heads and open their mouths when their cheeks are stroked, aiding in breastfeeding.

Baby preferences

babies prefer the sound and smell of their mother and human voices and faces.

sensorimotor

part of piagets intelligence and also the next 4 things.

object permeance and stranger anxiety

birth to 2 years

Preoperational

2 to 6 years

pretend play

egocentrism

language development

Concrete operational

Conservation

Mathematical transformations

7-11 years

Formal Operational

12-adulthood

abstract logic

potential for moral reasoning.

Object permanence

the awareness that things exist when not percieved

Conservatoin

the principle that volume stays the same even when objects are changed

critical period

a period after birth where an organisms exposure to certain stimuli produces proper development

Imprinting

the process where certain animals form attachments during a critical point in their life.

Stranger anxiety

fear of strangers that infants display

attachment or bonding

an emotional tie with another person.

theory of mind

how someone ascribes mental states such as belief, intentions and desires to oneself and another.

the role of testosterone 

men have more of it, used for sex drive, test increases with sexual activity and vice versa.

desires

hormones alone don’t motivate someone to have sex. to procreate, have physical enjoyment and to express love are psychological reasons.

authoritarian

parents impose rules and expect obedience

Permissive

submit to childrens desires, rarely punish

Authoritative

both demanding and responsive, sets rules but explains why and encourages open discussion.

menarche

girls first period

spermarche

boys first nut

menopause

marks the end of a woman's reproductive years. stops having periods and also changes hormonally

trust vs. mistrust

this and the next 7 are eriksons stages of psychosocial development

1st year if needs are met infants create trust

Autonomy vs shame

toddlers learn to exercise will or they doubt their abilities 2nd year

Initiative vs. guilt

3-5 years

Preschoolers learn to carry out tasks or feel guilty about efforts to be independent.

competence vs inferiority

children learn the pleasure or applying themselves to tasks or they feel inferior

6-puberty

identity vs role confusion

teens-20’s

teenagers work on finding themselves and integrating themselves to form a single identity or are confused about themselves

intimacy vs isolation

young adults form close relations quickly or feel socially isolated

20-40

Generativity vs. stagnation

they discover a sense of contribution to the world like through raising children or work or have a lack of purpose

40’s-60’s

Integrity vs. Despair

when reflecting on ones life they either feel accomplished or like they wasted it

late 60’s-death

personal fable

thinking that your experiences are completely unique

identity moratorium

a period of self exploration where the person adopts different roles to find out what fits them the best

social clock

the culturally preferred time of events like marriage, parenthood and retirement.

Dementia

mental decline severe enough for to intefere with daily life. alzheimers is a specific disease but is the most common cause of dementia.

Alzheimers disease

an irreversible brain disorder, characterized by a gradual deterioration of cognitive and physical functions.

cross sectional study

people of different ages are compared with one another

longitudinal study

the same people are restudied and retested again

crystallized intelligence

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills

increases with age

Fluid intelligence

ability to reason speedily and abstractly

tends to decrease as time goes on

5 stages of grief

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance