Lecture Notes on the Progressive Movement and Early 20th Century U.S. History

These flashcards cover key concepts, events, and figures related to the Progressive Movement and major developments in U.S. history from the late 1800s to early 1940s.

The Progressive Movement aimed at fixing problems from __________.

industrialization

The __________ allowed federal income tax providing government more money for reforms.

16th Amendment (1913)

The __________ allowed for the direct election of senators.

17th Amendment (1913)

Robert M. La Follette was known for the __________, which used experts to guide government policy.

Wisconsin Idea

The National Child Labor Committee aimed to end __________.

child labor

The __________ banned the interstate sale of goods made by child labor.

Keating-Owen Act

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire led to the establishment of __________ laws.

workplace safety

The Women's Christian Temperance Union advocated for __________ to improve family life.

prohibition

The __________ was passed in 1919 to ban the manufacture and sale of alcohol.

18th Amendment

Eugene V. Debs was a prominent __________ leader and labor activist.

socialist

The __________ was a political party advocating public ownership and workers' rights.

Socialist Party of America

William “Big Bill” Haywood was the leader of the __________.

IWW

The International Workers of the World aimed to __________ all workers.

unite

NAWSA was the main women's __________ group that worked state-by-state.

suffrage

Carrie Chapman Catt was the leader of __________.

NAWSA

The National Woman’s Party was a militant suffrage group led by __________.

Alice Paul

The __________ granted women the right to vote in 1920.

19th Amendment

Booker T. Washington focused on __________ progress through education and job skills.

gradual

The Tuskegee Institute was founded by __________ for vocational training.

Booker T. Washington

The __________ was Washington’s idea to accept segregation temporarily for economic progress.

Atlanta Compromise

W.E.B. Du Bois demanded immediate __________ and civil rights.

equality

The Niagara Movement was an early __________ group led by Du Bois.

civil rights

The NAACP fought segregation through __________ action.

legal

Ida B. Wells was a journalist who fought against __________.

lynching

The progressive president known for expanding federal power was __________.

Theodore Roosevelt

Roosevelt was known as a __________ for breaking up monopolies.

trustbuster

The __________ ensured fair treatment for workers, businesses, and consumers.

Square Deal

Muckrakers were journalists who exposed __________ and abuses.

corruption

Upton Sinclair’s book, __________, exposed abuses in the meatpacking industry.

The Jungle

The Pure Food and Drug Act regulated food and medicine __________.

safety

The __________ required inspection of meat products.

Meat Inspection Act

The Elkins and Hepburn Acts strengthened __________ regulation.

railroad

William Howard Taft continued some progressive policies after the election of __________.

1908

The __________ was a high tariff that hurt Taft politically.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

In the election of 1912, it was a three-way race between Taft, Roosevelt, and __________.

Wilson

The __________ was Roosevelt’s party during the election of 1912.

Progressive Party (Bull Moose)

Roosevelt’s plan for strong federal regulation was called __________.

New Nationalism

Woodrow Wilson focused on reforming the economy with his plan called __________.

New Freedom

The __________ Act lowered tariffs and added income tax.

Underwood Tariff

The __________ Act created a central banking system.

Federal Reserve

The Clayton Antitrust Act strengthened __________ laws.

antitrust

The Adamson Act established an __________ workday for railroad workers.

8-hour

William Henry Seward promoted expansion during his term as __________ of State.

Secretary

The U.S. purchased __________ from Russia in 1867.

Alaska

Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that a strong __________ equates to global power.

navy

The U.S. __________ was annexed in 1898.

Hawaii

Queen Liliuokalani was the Hawaiian queen who was __________ by Americans.

overthrown

The __________ was a conflict that occurred in 1898 between the U.S. and Spain.

Spanish-American War

The __________ was a newspaper publisher who promoted the Spanish-American War.

William Randolph Hearst

Joseph Pulitzer was a rival publisher known for using __________ news.

sensational

__________ journalism exaggerated news to influence public opinion.

Yellow

The explosion of the __________ helped trigger the Spanish-American War.

U.S.S. Maine

The Teller Amendment promised that the U.S. wouldn’t __________ Cuba.

annex

Admiral George Dewey won a naval victory in the __________.

Philippines

The Treaty of Paris (1898) ended the war and the U.S. gained __________.

territories

The __________ League opposed U.S. expansion.

Anti-Imperialist

The Philippine-American War was fought against Filipino independence __________.

fighters

Emilio Aguinaldo was the Filipino leader against the __________.

U.S.

The Open Door Policy promoted __________ access in China.

equal trade

The Boxer Rebellion was an anti-__________ uprising in China.

foreign

The __________ Canal was built by the U.S. to connect oceans.

Panama

The Platt Amendment limited __________ independence.

Cuban

The __________ Doctrine opposed European colonization in the Americas.

Monroe

The Roosevelt Corollary stated the U.S. can intervene in __________ America.

Latin

Taft’s __________ used economic influence for intervention.

Dollar Diplomacy

The __________ Revolution was a conflict in Mexico affecting U.S. interests.

Mexican

The U.S. occupied __________ during the Mexican conflict.

Veracruz

Pancho Villa was a Mexican rebel __________.

leader

The Punitive Expedition was the U.S. attempt to capture __________.

Villa

World War I was a global conflict occurring from __________.

1914 to 1918

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand started __________.

the war

The countries that made up the __________ were Britain, France, and Russia.

Triple Entente

The __________ was Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy's alliance.

Triple Alliance

Pan-Slavism contributed to __________ in Europe.

nationalism

The U.S. maintained a stance of __________ at the start of World War I.

neutrality

The British Blockade cut off German __________.

supplies

U-boats were German __________ used in the war.

submarines

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare involved attacking __________ ships.

all

The sinking of the RMS Lusitania led to the death of __________.

Americans

Wilson was reelected in the election of __________ for keeping the U.S. out of the war.

1916

The National Defense Act expanded the __________.

army

The Naval Appropriations Act expanded the __________.

navy

The Zimmerman Telegram was an attempt by Germany to ally with __________.

Mexico

The Russian Revolution led to the overthrow of the __________.

Russian monarchy

The Bolshevik Revolution was led by __________.

Lenin

White Russians opposed the __________ movement.

Bolshevik

The Selective Service Act was a law that __________ soldiers.

drafted

The Committee on Public Information was a __________ agency during the war.

propaganda

The Trading with the Enemy Act restricted __________ trade.

enemy

The Espionage Act imposed penalties for __________.

spying

The Sedition Act limited __________ in wartime.

free speech

Schenck v. U.S. ruled that limits on speech were allowed in __________.

wartime

The National War Labor Board aimed to prevent __________ during the war.

strikes

The Women’s Land Army was made up of __________ farm workers.

women

The Harlem Hellfighters were a unit of __________ soldiers.

Black

General __________ led U.S. forces during the war.

Pershing

Major U.S. victories occurred in battles like Cantigny and __________.

Belleau Wood

Armistice Day marks when the war __________ on Nov 11, 1918.

ended

Wilson’s __________ plan was to maintain peace after the war.

Fourteen Points

The League of Nations was established as an __________ organization.

international peace