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What is an alkene
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
Define unsaturated
Containing a carbon-carbon double bond
What makes C=C susceptible to an attack from electrophiles
They are an area of high electron density
Define an electrophile
Electron acceptors that are attracted to areas of high electron density
Give some examples of electrophiles
HBr, Br2, H2SO4
What can be used to identify alkenes
Bromine water
Describe a positive result of an alkenes test
Bromine water goes from orange-brown to colourless
What can alkenes and electrophiles form
Halogenoalkanes
What forms in electrophiles addition when the double bond is broken
A carbocation
Define a carbocation
A carbon atom with only 3 bonds - so a positive charge
How does carbocation’s stability affect its formation
More stable is more likely
Which structures of carbocations is most and least stable
Tertiary is most, primary least
Define the major product
The most stable possible
Define addition polymers
Produced from alkenes where the double bond is broken to form a repeating unit
How must a repeating unit be shown
With extended bonds through the brackets
How can you give polymer chains different properties
By changing reaction conditions
Why are polymers good as everyday plastic products
They have multiple strong, non-polar covalent bonds
Why are polymers not biodegradable
Due to the unreactive nature of bonds
PVC
An addition polymer with waterproof properties
Why is PVC waterproof
Addition of plasticisers
why do groups in unsaturated compounds remain fixed
there is no free rotation around the C=C
what is the inductive effect
the carbons push electrons towards the carbocation making it less positively charged
what occurs in all addition reactions
an electrophile reacts with double bond in alkenes
what is the test for unsaturation
bromine water is shaken with the compound
Note 
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