NRCMA: Ch. 4 Body Planes & Systems

Cells have three main parts: Cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.

TRUE

The cytoplasm of the cell contains DNA.

FALSE

The nucleus of a cell contains DNA.

In the cell the cytoplasm surrounds the nucleus.

TRUE

Mitosis is the division of a somatic cell, forming two new cells.

TRUE

A cell is the smallest particle particle of an element.

FALSE

An atom is the smallest particle of an element.

A molecule is two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

TRUE

A compound is a chemical mixture in which the components are evenly distributed.

FALSE

A compound is a molecule composed of two or more different elements.

Histology is the microscopic study of cells.

FALSE

Histology is the microscopic study of tissues.

Blood is considered to be a type of connective tissue.

TRUE

The three types of muscle tissue are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

TRUE

Skeletal muscles are controlled involuntary.

FALSE

Skeletal muscles are controlled voluntary.

The integumentary system is comprised of the skin and its derivatives.

TRUE

The three layers of skin are subcutaneous, dermis, and epidermis.

TRUE

The endocrine system is a system of glands that produce hormones which affect growth, metabolism and reproduction.

TRUE

Bile helps the body digest and absorb fat.

TRUE

The universal donor blood group is type A.

FALSE

The universal donor blood is type O.

About 30% of blood is plasma.

FALSE

55% Plasma, 45% formed elements

In the heart, the chamber that pumps blood to the tissues of the body is the right ventricle.

FALSE

Left ventricle and right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs

Thermogenesis is the production of heat needed to utilize food.

TRUE

thermo- heat

genesis- production

The aorta is the largest artery in the human body.

TRUE

The term integument means____.

covering (skin)

The layer of cells forming the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous and serous membranes.

epithelium

A precancerous lesion which occurs on mucous membranes of the tongue and its common with smokers is ______.

Leukoplakia

The epidermis contains

melanocytes

The cell in the epidermis which is filled with a hard protein substance called keratin is referred to as a

horny cell

The term strata means

several layers

Persons incapable of forming melanin are called

albino

Chronic or acute dermatitis with the variety of skin lesions is called

eczema

The olecranon is the process which forms the

elbow

The lower jaw is the

mandible

Sequestrum refers to

dead bone tissue

The deep socket of the hip into the thigh fits is called the

acetabulum

The zygomatic (cheek) bone is

facial

The first part of the nerve cell which receives the nervous impulse is the ____

dendrite

Glial (the forgotten cell) cells are

nervous system connective cells

Paralysis of the lower limbs and at varying degrees of the lower trunk is called:

paraplegia

Quick shuffling steps as seen in Parkinson's disease is called

festination

A congenital defect consisting of the absence of a vertebral arch of the spinal column is called

spina bifida

The point of contract between the axon of one neuron and a dendrite or cell body of another neuron is a

synapse

Neurons that carry impulses toward the brain or spinal cord are

afferent neurons

A large molecule which is the main constituent of chromosomes is referred to as

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

The partition which separated the two upper chambers of the heart is the

interatrial septum

A thrombotic occlusion is a

blocking of an artery by a clot

Erythroblastosis fetalis an example of what type of anemia

hemolytic

The only artery which carries deoxygenated blood is

pulmonary artery

The smallest blood vessel is the

capillary

Red blood cells appear red due to the presence of

oxyhemoglobin

The blowing sound heard on auscultation is a

murmur

Variation in the shape of the red cells would be indicated as

poikilocytosis

Structures located on the right side of the heart include

tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve

In the anatomical position, the patient

stands erect with palms turned anterior

The heartbeat is normally regulated by the

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

The median or sagittal plane divides the body

into left and right

A patient in the prone position is lying

face down

A patient in the supine position is lying

Flat on their back with palms and face up

Medial rotation indicates that the movement is toward the

center

Abduction is the opposite of

none of the above

Proximal

is the opposite of distal

Anterior is the

front of the body

Conducting away is referred to as

efferent

Lying on the stomach is referred to as

prone position

The body is divided into front and back by which of the following planes?

coronal

The opposite of ventral is

dorsal

The opposite of distal is

proximal

The organs of the respiratory system include all of the following except

thoracic duct

The heart is made up of three layers:

* epicardium

* myocardium

* endocardium

The longest vein in the body is the

saphenous vein

The body system that returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood and protects the body against disease is

lymphatic system

The small, finger-like projections on the surface of the membrane in the small intestine is called

villus

The bones found in the skull are

flat bones

The trapezius muscle is associated with which function?

moves shoulder; extends head

The biceps femoris muscle is associated with which function?

flexes leg and extends thigh

What are the three principle types of muscles?

skeletal, smooth, cardiac