Urinalysis and Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Flashcards covering key concepts from urinalysis and diabetic ketoacidosis for exam preparation.

What is Urinalysis used for?

Urinalysis is a quick way to look at what should or should not be in the urine, indicating a disease or disorder.

What does a red color in urine indicate?

Red urine can indicate bleeding or consumption of beets.

What does urine specific gravity (USG) measure?

USG measures the amount of solutes (urea, electrolytes, etc.) in the urine.

What is the normal range for urine specific gravity (USG)?

The normal USG range is between 1.003 and 1.030 grams/cm3.

What condition might a USG greater than 1.030 indicate?

It may indicate the presence of glucose in urine due to osmotic diuresis or proteins.

What does a USG lower than 1.003 suggest?

It could suggest diabetes insipidus due to ADH deficiency.

What influences blood pH according to the lecture?

Blood pH is influenced by diet and can be affected by respiratory and metabolic factors.

What is the typical range for urine pH?

Normal urine pH typically ranges from 5 to 9, with 5.5 to 6.5 being typical.

What condition is indicated by the presence of ketones in the urine?

Ketones indicate conditions like Diabetes mellitus, especially when there is less glucose available.

What could the presence of blood in urine indicate?

It may indicate damage to the glomerulus or bleeding in the urinary tract.

What do nitrites in urine indicate?

The presence of nitrites usually indicates a urinary tract infection (UTI) as a result of bacteria converting nitrates.

What does the presence of leukocytes in urine indicate?

It indicates an infection such as a urinary tract infection (UTI).

What can the presence of bilirubin and urobilinogen in urine indicate?

They may indicate excessive red blood cell breakdown (hemolysis) or problems with the liver or biliary system.