Intro/immune lecture

Patho

Suffering

Physis

Nature or origin

Logos

Study of

Cause and effect relationships defined by signs and symptoms guides

The study of a specific disease

Gross level

Organ or system

Microscopic

Cellular level

Biopsy

Inscision

Prodromal period signs are

Non specefic

Morbidity

The number of people with a disease within a group

Endemic

Disease is always present in a specific area

Nonspecific response defense

Phagocytosis and inflammation

Specefic response

Production of specefic antibodies against foreign substances

First line of defense

Non specefic

Mechanical barrier

Unbroken skin and mucous membranes

Secretions such as tears and gastric juices

Second line of defense

Non specefic

Phagocytosis

Inflammation

Third line of defense

Production of specific antibodies or cell mediated immunity

Specefic defense

Components of immune system

Lymphoid structures

Immune cells

Tissue-immune cell development

Tissue -immune cell development

Bone marrow

Thymus

Tissue immune cell development

Bone marrow

Origination of all immune cells

Tissue immune cell development

Thymus

Maturation of T lymphocytes

HLA human leukocyte antigen

These proteins labels cells of the individual and immune sys ignores them

Non self antigens

Memory cells produced to respond quickly to antigen and the development of a specefic response to that particular foreign antigen

Cell surface proteins

Proteins

Polysaccharides

Glycoproteins

Macrophages

Part of the mononuclear phagocytic system

DEVELOP FROM MONOCYTES

Initiation of immune response

Present throughout the body

Humoral Immunity

Antibodies are produced to protect the body

Cell mediated immunity CMI

lymphocytes are programmed to attack non self cells

IgG

Most common in the blood

IgM

First to increase in immune response

It’s

In secretions

For ex Colostrum

IgE

Causes releases of histamine and other chemicals results in inflammation

Allergic response

IgD

Attached to B cells and activates them

Complement system

Frequently activated during immune reactions with IgG and IgM

Complement system has a group of

Inactive proteins circulating in blood

STARTING AT C1 to C9

When an antigen complex adheres to C1 there’s a sequence of activating steps causing

The complement system to be activated causing cell damage and further inflammation

Chemical mediators i

Involved in inflammation and immune reactions

Titer

A way of expressing concentration of an antibody

Measures levels of serum immunoglobulins

Indirected coombs test

Detects rh blood incompatibility

Elisa -enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Detects HIV antibodies

Used for a number of other diseases

HLA typing MHC typing

Tissue matching before transplantation procedures

NOT THE SAME AS ABO TYPING

Natural immunity

Species specefic

Innate immunity

Gene specefic

Related to ethnicity

Primary response

1 to 2 weeks before antibody titer reaches efficiency

First exposure to antigen

Oar

Secondary response

More rapid response with efficiency in 1 to 3 days

Repeat exposure to the same antigen

Acquired natural immunity

Natural exposure or antigen

Development of antibodies

Active artificial immunity

Antigen purposeful introduced into body

Then the stimulation of antibody production

Active natural immunity ex

Chicken pox

Active artificial immunity

Immunization and boosters

Passive natural immunity ex

IgG through placenta and IgA through colostrum

Passive natural immunity

IgG

Through placenta , protection of infant for the first few months of life

IgA Passive natural immunity

Throgh colostorum and breast milk , good for infant until weaned

Passive artificial immunity

Injection of antibodies

Short term protection

In tissue injury there’s an endothelial binding of neutrophils and macrophages which lead to emigration and neutrophils and macrophages into tissue which lead to

Phagocytosis

In injury there’s a release of chemokines which are protein signaling molecules endothelial binding of neutrophils and macrophages which lead to

emigration and neutrophils and macrophages into tissue which lead to Phagocytosis

In tissue injury vasoactive chemcials release then

Vasodilation and emigration and neutrophils and macrophages into tissue which lead to phagocytes