radiology and cancer

angio

angiography

BA

barium

BE

barium enema

CT

computed tomography

CXR

chest xray

DICOM

digital image communication in medicine

DI

diagnostic imaging

ECHO

echocardiography

LAT

lateral

LS film

lumbosacral (spine) films

L-spine

lumbar spine

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

PA

posteronanterior

PACS

picture archival and communications systems - digital film to be found by medical staff

UGI

upper gastrointestinal (series)

V/Q scan

Ventilation -Perfusion scan of the lungs ( Q stands for rate of blood flow Or blood volume )  

is/o

same

pharmaceut/o

drug

radi/o

x-rays

son/o

sound

therapeut/o

treatment

vitro

glass

viv/o

life

gram

record

graphy

process of recording

lucent

to shine

opaque

obscure

echo

a repeat sound

ultra

beyond

AP

anteroposterior

PET

positron emission tomography

PET-CT

Positron emission tomography / Computerized Tomography 

Tc-99m

Radioactive Technetium 

TI-201

Thallium 201 -radioisotope used in scanning heart muscle 

UGI

Upper gastrointestinal ( series )

radiology

specialty in the study and application x-rays, ultrasounds, and magnetic resonance to interpret the images of the human body for the diagnosis for the disease

nuclear medicine

medical speciality that uses radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease

radionuclide

radioactive form of element, emit high speed particles that gives off energy containing rays in a form of radioactivity from the interior of their matter

radioactivity

particles and rays that emit energy that is radioactive

gamma rays

used effectively as a diagnostic label to trace the path

radiologist

physician who specializes in the practice of diagnostic radiology

nuclear medicine physician

specializes in diagnostic radionuclide scanning procedure

Invisibility

X-Rays them self can not be detected by sight , hearing or touch by the human.

Travels in straight lines

permits the x-ray beam to direct accurately at a tissue during radiotherapy

Scattering of X-Rays

Can have Scattering effect which causes blurring in the X-ray . Dense material such as an implant . If this this is the case a grid then with leads strips will be need to position parallel to the x-ray beams

Ionization

X-rays have the ability to ionize substance which they pass through. The Ion particles then disrupt the substance they pass through & may rearrange them .

  Digital radiography

form of x-ray imaging in which digital x-ray sensors are used instead of traditional photographic film .Less radiation is used over traditional  x-rays  

Mammography

uses low doses x-rays to visualize breast tissue 

Interventional Radiology

performs invasive procedures under CT or Ultrasound guidance or with fluoroscopic imaging 

Fluoroscopy

use of x-ray & fluorescent screen to produce real-time video imaging - Placement of indwelling Heart catheter & stents 

Radiofrequency ablation

help with destruction of tumors & or tissues that need to be destroyed

Ultrasonography

 Uses a high frequency inaudible sound waves that bounce off body tissue & then are recorded to give information about the anatomy of the internal organ 

Doppler ultrasound & color flow imaging

record blood flow velocity ( speed) or detect an obstruction in blood  vessels to see the risk of a potential stroke or current blood clot

Functional MRI

Measures brain activity be detecting changes associated with blood flow

Posteroanterior (PA) View

posteriorly placed source to an anterior placed detector  

Anteroposterior (AP) view

 X-rays travel from a source  from an anteriorly to a posteriorly placed detector

Lateral view

example if it is left lateral view the x-rays travels from a source located to the right source to a detector placed on the left side & vice verse for the right lateral

oblique view

x-ray travels at a slanted angle to get what may have been missed from a PA or RA view

radioactivity

spontaneous emission of energy in the form of particles or rays coming from the interior of substance

radionuclide/radioisotope

substances that give off high-energy particles or rays as it disintegrates

tracer studies

specific radionuclide is incorporated into a chemical substance and administered to a patient

Radiopharmaceutical

combination of the radionuclide and drug or chemical

radionuclide scanning

procedure of making an image by tracking the distribution of the radioactive substance in the body

uptake

refers to the rate of absorption of the radiopharmaceuticals

gamma camera

used to determine the location and distribution of the radiopharmaceutical in various organs, tissues and fluids

Radiopharmaceutical

radionuclide & drug or chemical designed to concentrate in a certain organ 

Radionuclide scanning

the procedure of making an image by tracking the distribution of the radioactive substance in the body

perfusion study

 radiopharmaceuticals is placed intravenously 

ventilation

radioactive gas capillaries into the lungs by aerosol is inhaled to fill air sac (alveoli) before imaging

Ventilation - perfusion study

lets them see in there is a clot in the lung such as a pulmonary embolism 

Bone scan

Technetium is placed Intravenously & absorbed in the bones after 2-3 hrs the remaining “ residue” that is left after it is excreted  through the body by urination allows the radiologist to see the “ hot spots”. 

    Lymphoscintigraphy

provides pictures of the ( scintigrams) /Lymphatic system 

SPECT

single photon emission tomography

alveol/o

small sac

cac/o

bad

carcin/o

cancer, cancerous

cauter/o

burn or heat

chem/o

chemical, drug

cry/o

cold

cyst/o

sac or fluid

fibr/o

fibers

follicul/o

small glandular sacs

fung/i

fungus, mushroom

medull/o

soft, inner part

mucos/o

mucous membrane

mut/a

genetic change

mutagen/o

causing genetic change

necr/o

death

neur/o

nerve

onc/o

tumor

papill/o

nipple-like

plas/o

formation

ple/o

many or more

prot/o

first

radi/o

rays

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

scirrh/o

hard

xer/o

dry

blastoma

immature tumor

genesis

formation