Digestive System – Part 2

Flashcards covering key concepts and terms from the digestive system lecture, particularly focusing on accessory organs, liver functions, associated diseases and conditions.

Accessory Organs

Organs outside of the GI tract that assist with chemical digestion in the small intestine, including the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Liver

Produces bile, detoxifies blood, and stores excess nutrients absorbed by the GI tract.

Gallbladder

Stores, concentrates, and releases bile into the duodenum.

Pancreas

Functions as both an endocrine organ (hormones) and an exocrine organ (digestive enzymes); drains into the duodenum.

Bile

A mixture produced by the liver that aids in the emulsification of lipids in the small intestine.

Hepatocytes

Liver cells that produce bile and perform detoxification.

Central Vein

The structure in each hepatic lobule that drains deoxygenated blood away from the liver.

Portal Triad

A structure at the corners of each hepatic lobule consisting of a bile duct, a portal venule, and a portal arteriole.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Chronic and severe acid reflux that can erode and scar esophageal tissue.

Diverticulitis

Inflammation of diverticula in the intestinal wall, often causing abdominal pain and other symptoms.

Cirrhosis

A late-stage liver disease characterized by scarring and damage, often irreversible and can lead to cancer.

Gallstones

Solid particles that form in the gallbladder, often due to high concentrations of certain materials.

Tooth Decay

Damage to the enamel of the tooth caused by bacterial acids.

Ulcers

Thinning or openings in the lining of the GI tract, often caused by infection or inflammation.

Bilirubin

A bile pigment that is a breakdown product of hemoglobin.

Accessory Pancreatic Duct

A secondary duct in the pancreas that drains digestive enzymes into the duodenum.

Sphincter

A muscle that controls the flow of substances in the body, such as the lower esophageal sphincter that prevents acid reflux.